Structural and hydraulic responses of humid tropical soils to lime and organic residue amendments

Francis, Ronen; Bramble, De Shorn E.; Wuddivira, Mark N.; Gouveia, Gregory A.; Camps‐Arbestain, Marta

doi:10.1071/sr20305

Cited by 1 publication

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“…Soil texture is one of, if not the most important, soil parameters used by the World Reference Base as the international standard for soil classification. Soil texture determines the water‐holding capacity, porosity, and water flow dynamics of soils and is intrinsically linked to the distribution of chemical soil properties such as ECa (De Caires et al., 2023), pH (R. Francis et al., 2021), ECe (De Caires et al., 2015), macro, and micronutrients (Atwell et al., 2023), as well as aggregate stability (J. R. Francis et al., 2023; Wuddivira et al., 2013), slope stability, and suction (Roopnarine et al., 2014). Clustering analysis on bibliometric data revealed that although there has been a significant advancement in PSD measurements with remote and proximal sensing techniques being employed, sedimentation methods using hydrometer and pipette techniques are still overwhelmingly the methods of choice (Figure 2).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of sample mass and suspension salinity on particle size distribution in predominantly medium to heavy textured soils using the hydrometer method

Wuddivira,

Bramble,

Ramlochan

et al. 2023

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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BackgroundParticle size distribution (PSD) is a fundamental soil measurement that is crucial for agriculture, engineering, hydrological, and environmental applications as well as in basic research such as in developing water release curves in flow and transport modeling. The accurate determination of PSD, particularly clay content, is especially critical in ascertaining the magnitude and rates of many physical, chemical, and hydrological processes in soils. The accuracy of the hydrometer method for PSD, which relies on the settling velocity of soil particles in a soil suspension, could be affected by the density of the suspension, which in turn, depends on the initial sample mass, texture, and mineralogy of the soil.AimsWe hypothesized that (1) initial mass determines the concentration and the physical interaction of particles in a soil suspension and affects particle settlement, recovery, and the accuracy of the hydrometer method, and (2) the widely used initial air‐dry mass of 50 g underestimates the clay percentage of medium to heavy textured tropical soils. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of mass and KCl on clay recovery in tropical soils with varying texture and mineralogy using the hydrometer method.MethodsThe experiment comprised seven soils, four soil masses (10, 20, 30, 50 g), and two KCl treatments in a 7 × 4 × 2 factorial design replicated three times.ResultsResults showed a general trend of increasing estimates of clay % as the soil mass decreased from 50 to 10 g and the KCl concentration increased from 0 to 0.0025 M. This implies that using an initial sample mass of 50 g in sedimentation methods, underestimates, and 10 g overestimates the clay % in predominantly medium to heavy textured tropical soils. Interestingly, there was a drastic change in texture for most of the soils as the sample mass decreased to 10 g.ConclusionsWe conclude that the initial air‐dry mass affects the clay recovery of medium to heavy textured humid tropical soils. Results suggest that the ideal initial mass for these soils lies between 20 and 30 g. Furthermore, the mechanistic pathway that drives the observed decrease in clay recovery as soil sample mass increase could be due to the flocculating tendency of KCl.

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