Structural and electrical characterization of polyanilines synthesized from chemical oxidative polymerization via doping/de-doping/re-doping processes

Tang, Shiow Jing; Lin, Ku Yen; Zhu, Yun Rong; Huang, Hui-Pi; Ji, Wei Fu; Yang, Chun; Chao, Yu Chiang; Yeh, Jui Ming; Chiu, Kuan−Cheng

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/46/50/505301

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…Out-of-plane C-H deformation vibrations of the aromatic ring were observed at 822 and 712 cm −1 [22]. These data agreed well with the results from other previous papers [23,24]. For zeolite X, there was a noteworthy change from 3463 to 3441 cm −1 , which was attributed to silicon-hydroxyl groups, while the bands at 1080 cm −1 and 1633 cm −1 belonged to the absorption of hydroxyl water and hydroxyl, respectively, by Si-OH [25].…”

Section: Characterization Studiessupporting

confidence: 92%

Application of (polyaniline/zeolite X) composite as anticorrosion coating for energy recovery devices in RO desalination water plants

et al. 2019

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Reverse osmosis desalination water plants have several operational issues such as corrosion in many areas like energy recovery devices that are accustomed to restore energy and scale back prices. Thus, there is a necessity to reduce the corrosion rate of the devices utilized in energy recovery. This study focuses on protection of some metals and alloys that are utilized in this industry by introducing a new anticorrosion coating. The new anticorrosion coating was formulated by the interaction of polyaniline and X-type zeolite that is employed as hosting material. Polyaniline was first formulated by conventional oxidation polymerization method of aniline in acidic medium at temperature below 5 °C by using ice bath. Then, ammonium persulphate was used as oxidizer. Numerous characterization techniques were used to demonstrate the encapsulation of polyaniline in X-type zeolite frames such as IR, UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscope, energy-dispersive X-ray and X-ray diffraction. The new anticorrosion coating was evaluated by using weight loss technique, Tafel polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; all of these techniques showed the effective anticorrosion properties of the prepared coating in which the corrosion rate from the polarization curves results, for all coated samples, was less than the bare ones as it recorded 2.403, 1.094, 23.48, 35.09 MPY for bare 304 and 316 stainless steel, Al and carbon steel, respectively, and 0.3132, 0.2733, 0.2506, 10.81 MPY for the coated samples. Corrosion results showed a noteworthy protection of the tested metals and alloys in saline water coated with the polyaniline/zeolite X.

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Section: Characterization Studiessupporting

confidence: 92%

Application of (polyaniline/zeolite X) composite as anticorrosion coating for energy recovery devices in RO desalination water plants

et al. 2019

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“…In the previous papers, the effects of de‐doping and re‐doping on PANI morphology were reported. Most of the acid dopants, though different in molecular structure, showed no effect on powder morphology …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Doping Effect on Conducting Polymer‐Metal Schottky DC Generators

Shao

Fang

Wang

et al. 2018

Adv Elect Materials

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nitride (InN) nanowire energy harvesters [8][9][10][11][12][13][14] ; 2) triboelectric-based generators with multiple electrification pairs or a sliding Schottky nanocontact [15][16][17] ; 3) conducting polymer-metal Schottky diodes. [18,19] In our previous studies, we have demonstrated that a conducting polymer film when forming a Schottky contact with a metal (such as Al or Al alloy) can produce DC outputs under compressive deformations. [18,19] The devices showed a large energy density. They are easy to fabricate, offering great potential for applications in various self-powered electronic devices.Polyaniline (PANI) is a major conducting polymer possessing high conductivity and processing ability. [20] It has shown vast application potential in the fields of supercapacitors, batteries, sensors, EMI shielding, and gas separation. [21][22][23] PANI can be easily doped and de-doped. The dopant and doping state have a great effect on the electrical properties of PANI. [24] For example, PANI emeraldine base (PANI-EB), i.e., non-doped PANI, is almost nonconductive with an electrical resistivity as high as 10 10 Ω cm −1 . [25] The conductivity is largely enhanced when doped with a protonic acid. [26] The dopant effect was attributed to the change of PANI crystallinity, interchain distance, and energy bandgap, hence leading to change in chemical and physical properties (e.g., electrochemical, spectroscopic, and modulus). [24,27,28] However, how dopant affects the energy conversion property of PANI-metal Schottky diodes has not been reported in research literature.In this study, we have for the first time demonstrated the effect of dopants on the mechanical-to-electrical energy conversion behavior of a conducting polymer-metal Schottky power generator. PANI was used as a conducting polymer model, which was doped with four protonic acids; orthophosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ), perchloric acid (HClO 4 ), and hydrochloric acid (HCl). The dopants showed a great effect on energy conversion property. The device made of nondoped PANI only produced up to 1.5 mV and 0.55 nA cm −2 electrical outputs. The one from HCl-doped PANI generated much higher outputs (0.9 V and 33.9 µA cm −2 ) than those from PANI doped with other protonic acids. The change in electrical outputs was attributed to the effect of dopant on barrier height and conductivity. For Al/PANI-HCl/Au, the barrier height decreased significantly from 0.87 to 0.78 eV when the Conducting polymer-metal Schottky diodes show an interesting mechanical energy-to-electricity conversion ability to generate direct current (DC) power without rectification. However, little is reported about how dopants in conducting polymer affect the energy conversion behavior of Schottky diodes. In this study, a novel effect of dopants on mechanical energy-to-DC electricity conversion of conducting polymer-metal Schottky devices is demonstrated. Using polyaniline (PANI) as a model, conducting polymers doped with a series of protonic acids is prepared. Without dopant, the dev...

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“…31 According to the previous reports, re-doping with an acid could convert the PANI chains to the conductive emeraldine salt (ES) form. 47,48 In order to verify this, we immersed the purple-brown polymer electrode in a 1 mol L −1 H 2 SO 4 solution again for at least 1 h. After the re-doping process, the color of PANI became green again (Fig. 6c) and the performance of PANI dynamic electrode was regenerated.…”

Section: The Multi-functional Performance Of the Energy Conversionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Visible-Light Driven Conversion of Pollutants into Hydrogen and Electricity Based on a Polyaniline Dynamic Electrode

Tang

Dai

et al. 2019

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A polyaniline dynamic electrode is prepared on titanium round plate through the galvanostatic polymerization synchronized with protonation and possesses the characteristics of conducting emeraldine salt state, granular surface structure, narrow bandgap energy, visible-light excitation. A photo-driving energy conversion system equipped with the polyaniline dynamic photoanode can degrade organic pollutants (i.e. reactive brilliant red x-3b dye) and concurrently generate hydrogen and electric flow. The hydrogen evolution amounts are 300.2 μmol and 163.5 μmol under ultraviolet light and visible irradiation, respectively. Based on its rapid doping/dedoping property, the polyaniline dynamic electrode is easily regenerated and almost recovered to the initial through re-doping with an acid. This work confirms the feasibility that polyaniline can be used alone as photocatalyst to construct a dynamic electrode, which is equipped in a photo-driving energy conversion system can convert organic pollutants into useful forms of energy (viz. hydrogen and electricity).

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Structural and electrical characterization of polyanilines synthesized from chemical oxidative polymerization via doping/de-doping/re-doping processes

Cited by 16 publications

References 31 publications

Application of (polyaniline/zeolite X) composite as anticorrosion coating for energy recovery devices in RO desalination water plants

Application of (polyaniline/zeolite X) composite as anticorrosion coating for energy recovery devices in RO desalination water plants

Doping Effect on Conducting Polymer‐Metal Schottky DC Generators

Visible-Light Driven Conversion of Pollutants into Hydrogen and Electricity Based on a Polyaniline Dynamic Electrode

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