Structural Analysis of Granulosa Cells from Human Ovaries in Correlation with Function

Mestwerdt, W; Müller, Otfried; Brandau, H.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3474-3_14

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Wright and Chester-Jones (1957) described an increase in nuclear size as reptilian adrenal cells became steroidogenic. Mestwerdt et al (1979) observed a doubling in nuclear volume of human granulosal cells at luteinization. They suggested that this increase in nuclear volume was part of the process of luteinization.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…This may reflect a speciesspecific difference in luteal morphology and/or steroidogenesis (other than progesterone production). Studies have demonstrated a relationship between nuclear size within endocrine cells and the process of steroidogenesis (Muschke, 1953;Alfert et al, 1955;Wright and ChesterJones, 1957;Jones, 1970;Mestwerdt et al, 1979). Wright and Chester-Jones (1957) described an increase in nuclear size as reptilian adrenal cells became steroidogenic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

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Luteal morphology, atresia, and plasma progesterone concentrations during the reproductive cycle of two oviparous lizards, Crotaphytus collaris and Eumeces obsoletus

Fox

Guillette

1987

Am. J. Anat.

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From ovulation to oviposition, the corpora lutea of the oviparous lizards Crotaphytus collaris and Eumeces obsoletus exhibit three stages of luteal development: 1) luteogenesis, 2) luteal maturity, and 3) luteal regression. Each stage exhibits distinct characteristics, involving changes in: 1) luteal volume, 2) nuclear diameter of cells within the luteal cell mass, and 3) thecal development. Plasma progesterone concentration is greatest during luteogenesis and is positively correlated with ovarian atresia, although atresia occurred throughout the period of gravidity. These data suggest that in these two species, the corpora lutea secrete high amounts of progesterone immediately following ovulation and exhibit morphologically distinct stages of growth and regression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Luteal morphology, atresia, and plasma progesterone concentrations during the reproductive cycle of two oviparous lizards, Crotaphytus collaris and Eumeces obsoletus

Fox

Guillette

1987

Am. J. Anat.

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“…The finding of a significantly larger cell area in pale granulosa cells than in dark cells is of particular interest in view of the strict correlation between the nuclear/cytoplasm ratio and granulosa cell functional status (Delforge et al, 1972). During differentiation into luteinized cells, following the mitotic index fall induced by LH, granulosa cells undergo a volume increase caused by the accumulation in the cytoplasm of numerous organelles involved in active steroidogenesis (Dhar et al, 1996;Mestwerdt et al, 1977Mestwerdt et al, , 1979Nottola et al, 2006). Nuclei become large, round and characterized by a nucleoplasm containing a finely dispersed chromatin and one or two prominent nucleoli (Nottola et al, 2006).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphometric and ultrastructural analysis of human granulosa cells after gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist or antagonist

Centurione

Giampietro

Sancilio

et al. 2010

Reproductive BioMedicine Online

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Morphological features of granulosa cells can reflect their functional status. The present study was aimed at comparing possible differences in the fine structure of human granulosa cells exposed to gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist or antagonist treatment during ovarian stimulation. Cells were obtained from follicular aspirates of 21 women treated with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) plus either a GnRH agonist or a GnRH antagonist. Conventional light microscopy procedures and computerized image analysis systems were used to identify different cell type morphological patterns and to quantify different cells distribution. Two morphologically distinct granulosa cell populations, defined as large/pale and small/dark cells, were identified and a different distribution in the two groups of women under investigation was found: a significantly higher percentage in large/pale cells was detected in the agonist-treated women (P<0.05), whereas the percentage of small/dark cells was significantly higher in the antagonist-treated group (P<0.05). Ultrastructural observations showed the presence in both cell populations of typical hallmarks of steroidogenic cells, highlighting signs of functional activity in the large/pale cell population. Further investigations are needed to define the possible clinical significance of these morphological findings.

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“…The granulosa cells begin to luteinize and se¬ crete even before the follicle ruptures and before any changes in the permeability of the follicle wall are evident (Lunenfeld et al 1978;Mestwerdt et al 1979;Espev 1980). It is unknown whether the integrity of the blood-follicle barrier remains intact during the immediate pre-ovula¬ tory period.…”

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confidence: 97%

Lipids, apolipoproteins and steroids in serum and in fluid from stimulated and non-stimulated human ovarian follicles

Enk¹,

Crona²,

Olsson³

et al. 1986

Acta Endocrinologica

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Steroid production depends on the cholesterol (CH) substrate supplied by circulating lipoproteins which are internalised in the cells by receptormediated mechanisms. Low density lipoproteins (LDL) stimulate progesterone production in vitro. However, studies on follicles indicate low levels of LDL in follicular fluid (FF1).In the present study FF1 was obtained by ultrasoundguided punctures just before ovulation from 17 women participating in an in vitro fertilization programme. Serum was obtained simultaneously. Follicular development was stimulated with hMG-HCG or clomiphenehMG-hCG combinations. In another 8 women FF1 was collected in connection with surgery for sterilization. FF1 levels of CH, triglycerides (TG), phospholipids (PL), apolipoprotein Al and B (apoAl; apoB), oestradiol and progesterone were assayed in both groups as were the corresponding serum levels in the stimulated patient group.The FF1 levels of apoAl, TG and PL were approximately half of the levels in HDL in normal serum in both groups. However, CH was slightly lower in the stimulated group. ApoB was not detectable in FF1.Oestradiol was similar in both groups while progesterone was much higher in the stimulated than in the non-stimulated cycles. FF1 levels of apoAl correlated positively to CH and PL in both groups and to progesterone in the stimulated follicles, while the correlation was negative in the other group. The absence of apoB and the levels of CH, TG, PL and apoA1 1 indicate that high density lipoprotein (HDL), but not LDL is present in FF1. The supply of CH needed for the increased production of progesterone in the granulosa cells in the late follicular phase has to be explained by mechanisms other than transportation with LDL particles. It is possible that gonadotrophins facilitate the delivery of CH from HDL, which has been shown to penetrate the 'blood-follicle' barrier.

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Structural Analysis of Granulosa Cells from Human Ovaries in Correlation with Function

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Luteal morphology, atresia, and plasma progesterone concentrations during the reproductive cycle of two oviparous lizards, Crotaphytus collaris and Eumeces obsoletus

Luteal morphology, atresia, and plasma progesterone concentrations during the reproductive cycle of two oviparous lizards, Crotaphytus collaris and Eumeces obsoletus

Morphometric and ultrastructural analysis of human granulosa cells after gonadotrophin-releasing hormone agonist or antagonist

Lipids, apolipoproteins and steroids in serum and in fluid from stimulated and non-stimulated human ovarian follicles

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