Stroop task performance across the lifespan: High cognitive reserve in older age is associated with enhanced proactive and reactive interference control

Gajewski, Patrick D.; Falkenstein, Michael; Thönes, Sven; Wascher, Edmund

doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116430

Cited by 47 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…Interestingly, group differences in RT were found in both congruent and incongruent conditions for this study, rather than only in the latter. Gajewski, Falkenstein, Thönes, and Wascher (2020) also found nonspecific enhanced performance and larger ERP in high versus low performing old adults in a Stroop taskconfirming the present results and implying that superior executive functioning is due to greater availability of cognitive resources. There may have been a relatively higher cognitive load in the congruent trials as well, due to the participant having to make a choice from four buttons corresponding to the given color and word information.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Relationship of regular physical activity with neuroelectric indices of interference processing in young adults

Aly

Kojima

2020

Psychophysiology

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The relationship of physical activity with interference processing was examined using behavioral and neuroelectrical measures in young adults divided into more active and less active groups. The participants completed Stroop (i.e., color-naming) and reverse Stroop (i.e., word-meaning) tasks that differed in the level of difficulty while event-related potentials were assessed. In the low interference Stroop task, participants were asked to respond to the ink color of the word, while the meaning was either congruent or incongruent with the color. In the high interference reverse Stroop task, participants had to indicate the meaning of colored words while ignoring the color of the font. The results indicated that young adults in the more active group exhibited a shorter response time (RT) and a lower intra-individual variability of RT than did those in the less active group. These behavioral differences were associated with larger P2 and P3 and smaller N450 amplitudes in the Stroop task and with larger P2 and N2 and smaller N450 amplitudes in the reverse Stroop task. No differences were observed in the contingent negative variation (CNV) between the groups. These findings suggest that, for young adults, regular physical activity is positively associated with a better neural efficiency in resource allocation for tasks that require the ability to inhibit cognitive interference and provide evidence for the potential neural mechanisms underlying the improved Stroop performance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Relationship of regular physical activity with neuroelectric indices of interference processing in young adults

Aly

Kojima

2020

Psychophysiology

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“…The executive functions were measured using a go/no-go test and a Stroop task. 25–28 Body composition and SLE disease activity were also measured.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combined aerobic and resistance training improves physical and executive functions in women with systemic lupus erythematosus

Kao

Wen

Pan

et al. 2021

Lupus

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Objectives Exercise is considered as an adjuvant therapeutic modality to alleviate symptoms of several rheumatic diseases. However, data regarding the benefits of exercise to patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are relatively scant. Methods This study aimed to assess the effects of regular, moderate-intensity, aerobic exercise combined with resistance training on women with SLE who had no regular exercise. Patients were recruited and allocated into either the exercise or control group by their willingness. Patients in the exercise group (n = 12) underwent 12 weeks of combined exercise (five days per week), whereas those in the control group (n = 11) maintained their usual lifestyle. Results At baseline, there were no between-group differences in body composition, disease activity, two-kilometer walking test, and executive function test. After the combined exercise intervention for 12 weeks, significant improvements of both fitness index and reaction time to the stimuli in the go/no-go test were observed in the exercise group, but not in the control group. The disease activities in both study groups did not change significantly at the end of the study period. Conclusion Our results suggest that regular moderate-intensity aerobic exercise combined with resistance training improves the physical and executive functions of SLE patients without exacerbating disease activity.

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“…To go beyond the conclusions obtained from behavioral studies, researchers used neuroimaging approaches, such as magnetoencephalography - MEG - [8,9] and electroencephalography - EEG - [10-21], allowing to infer on the cognitive processes and their dynamics. The results of these electro- and magnetophysiological studies converge on some central conclusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Indeed, it involves components engaged in word production as well as executive processes allowing to select the correct answer [7]. To go beyond the conclusions obtained from behavioral studies, researchers used neuroimaging approaches, such as magnetoencephalography -MEG - [8,9] and electroencephalography -EEG - [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21], allowing to infer on the cognitive processes and their dynamics. The results of these electro-and magnetophysiological studies converge on some central conclusions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The temporal dynamics of the Stroop effect from childhood to young and older adulthood

Ménétré

Laganaro

2021

Preprint

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It is well admitted that children and older adults tend to show longer response latencies at the Stroop task than young adults. The present study aims at clarifying the rational of such changes from childhood to adulthood and in ageing by comparing the impacted cognitive processes across age groups. More precisely, the aim was to clarify if all processes take more time to be executed, hence implying that longer latencies rely mainly on processing speed or if an additional process lengthens the resolution of the conflict in children and/or older adults. To this aim we recorded brain electrical activity using EEG in school-age children, young and older adults while they performed a classic verbal Stroop task. To decompose the signal in the underlying brain networks, we used microstates analyses and compared congruent, incongruent and neutral trials across the three age-groups. Behaviorally, children and older adults presented longer latencies and larger Stroop effects relative to young adults. The microstates results showed that children tend to present different brain configurations compared to both adult groups, even though some brain configurations remained identical among the three groups. In particular, additional brain networks were involved in children to perform the Stroop task, which party account for the longer latencies in this group. By contrast, in aging the results favor the general slowing hypothesis rather than a decline in a specific process since all involved brain networks were similar in the two adult groups but slowed down in the older one.

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Stroop task performance across the lifespan: High cognitive reserve in older age is associated with enhanced proactive and reactive interference control

Cited by 47 publications

References 113 publications

Relationship of regular physical activity with neuroelectric indices of interference processing in young adults

Relationship of regular physical activity with neuroelectric indices of interference processing in young adults

Combined aerobic and resistance training improves physical and executive functions in women with systemic lupus erythematosus

The temporal dynamics of the Stroop effect from childhood to young and older adulthood

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