Strontium Modified Calcium Sulfate Hemihydrate Scaffold Incorporating Ginsenoside Rg1/Gelatin Microspheres for Bone Regeneration

Abstract

The aim of this study was to prepare a promising biomaterial for bone tissue repair and regeneration. The Strontium-calcium sulfate hemihydrate (Sr-α-CaS) scaffold incorporating gelatin microspheres (GMs) encapsulated with Ginsenoside Rg1 (Rg1) was designed. The scaffolds of Rg1/GMs/Sr-α-CaS showed sustained release of Rg1, good biocompatibility and ability of promoting osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis in vitro. The scaffolds were implanted into animal model of cranial bone defect to characterize bone tissue repair and regeneration in vivo. From the images of Micro-CT, it was obvious that the most bone tissue was formed in Rg1/GMs/Sr-α-CaS group in 12 weeks. New bone structure, collagen and mineralization were analyzed with staining of HE, Masson and Safranin O-Fast green and showed good distribution. The expression of osteocalcin of Rg1/GMs/Sr-α-CaS indicated new bone formation in defect site. The results revealed that synergy of Rg1 and Sr showed the best effect of bone repair and regeneration, which provided a new candidate for bone defect repair in clinic.

Preparation and characterization of injectable gelatin/alginate/chondroitin sulfate/α-calcium sulfate hemihydrate composite paste for bone repair application

“…According to Figure 7(d), the characteristic absorption peaks at 473, 600, 671, 1115, 2115, and 2220 cm −1 are related to the asymmetric stretching vibration and bending vibration of the sulfate groups in calcium sulfate, while the characteristic peaks at 1620, 1683, and 3410 cm −1 are attributed to the ν 2 mode vibration of the hydroxyl functional groups. 20,32,60…”

“…According to Figure 7(d), the characteristic absorption peaks at 473, 600, 671, 1115, 2115, and 2220 cm À1 are related to the asymmetric stretching vibration and bending vibration of the sulfate groups in calcium sulfate, while the characteristic peaks at 1620, 1683, and 3410 cm À1 are attributed to the ν 2 mode vibration of the hydroxyl functional groups. 20,32,60 Calcium-deficient hydroxyapatite characteristic peaks, including the ν 2 vibration at 475 cm À1 , the symmetrical ν 4 stretching vibration at 500-700 cm À1 , and the asymmetrical ν 3 stretching vibration at 1000-1100 cm À1 for the phosphate groups, the stretching vibration of the hydroxyl groups at 3000-4000 cm À1 , and the ν 2 vibration for the carbonate group at 876 cm À1 , are seen in Figure 7(f). However, these are not visible in the FTIR spectrum of the paste as they are covered by massive sulfate peaks.…”

“…In addition to the characteristic peaks of the functional groups of α-CSH, the FTIR spectra of the G2A15CS210 sample after soaking in SBF show that the ν 4 mode stretching vibrations of the phosphate groups in the hydroxyapatite form at 500 to 650 cm À1 (Figure 8(n)). 20,32,60 These peaks are significant signs of the formation of hydroxyapatite on the surface of the composite. Other characteristic peaks of the phosphate groups overlap with the sulfate groups.…”

Traditional Chinese Medicine Compound-Loaded Materials in Bone Regeneration

“…Moreover, the ginsenoside Rg1loaded scaffold promoted bone regeneration of rat calvarial defects in 12 weeks with a new bone volume of approximately 83.3%, and BMD increased to 1,133 mg/cm 3 , as shown by micro-CT, with many new bones and collagen fibers shown by HE staining, safranin O-fast green staining, and Masson staining. In addition, the new bone had higher OCN expression (Luo et al, 2020).…”

Bioactive Herbal Extracts of Traditional Chinese Medicine Applied with the Biomaterials: For the Current Applications and Advances in the Musculoskeletal System

“…Another TCM called cinnamaldehyde, a bioactive cinnamon essential oil from Cinnamomum cassia, has been reported to have multipharmacological activities including anti-inflammation. Recently, researchers have found it can suppress proinflammatory cytokines secretion in rheumatology arthritis synoviocyte cells by Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription pathway (Luo et al, 2020). As the in vivo results showed, cinnamaldehyde ameliorated collagen-induced arthritis in rats.…”