Strontium cross–linked sPEEK proton exchange membranes for fuel cell

Luu, Dinh Xuan; Kim, Dong Jin

doi:10.1016/j.ssi.2010.05.007

Cited by 32 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Some polymers are difficult to be cross‐linked due to the stable and rigid structure of the molecular backbone. For example, certain PEEKs undergo chemical cross‐link processes, but the membranes do not exhibit a beneficial change . Examples of cross‐linking methods include the following: (1) chemical cross‐linking: (a) cross‐linking of the polymer backbone in which the polymer is exposed to high‐energy radiation to stimulate the reactive radicals and form the cross‐link and (b) monomer synthesis or preidentification of PEEK with nonsaturated bonding for the cross‐link reaction process and (2) physical cross‐linking: ionic complexes formed with various phases, whether in the organic/organic or organic/inorganic phase .…”

Section: Filler Cross‐link Agent and Plasticizermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composite exhibited high compatibility and enhanced mechanical strength, proton conductivity, and fuel permeability. Luu and Kim developed a SPEEK membrane using strontium (Sr), a rare earth metal as the cross‐linked agent. The use of 10 wt% strontium reduced the water uptake capacity and increased the mechanical strength of the membrane in water at a temperature of 80°C.…”

Section: Additives In Different Types Of Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, certain PEEKs undergo chemical cross-link processes, but the membranes do not exhibit a beneficial change. 59 Examples of cross-linking methods include the following: (1) chemical cross-linking: (a) cross-linking of the polymer backbone in which the polymer is exposed to high-energy radiation to stimulate the reactive radicals and form the cross-link 60 and (b) monomer synthesis or preidentification of PEEK with nonsaturated bonding for the cross-link reaction process and (2) physical cross-linking: ionic complexes formed with various phases, whether in the organic/organic or organic/inorganic phase. 61 For example, SPEEK is usually developed via the process of sulfonation for commercial PEEKs to create proton conductivity properties, and physical cross-links perform better than covalent cross-links.…”

Section: Cross-link Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

2019

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Summary Additives such as fillers, cross‐linkers, and plasticizers have become increasingly important in the polymer nanocomposite production field, especially for enhancing the structural morphology, functional behavior, and final performance of nanocomposites in broad applications. The current work is an overview of the effects of additive substances such as fillers, cross‐linkers, and plasticizers in the polymer electrolyte membrane composites applied to fuel cells. A comparative review is conducted by categorizing fillers into several types, and the most popular cross‐linkers and plasticizers used in fuel cell membranes are included in this review. The highlighted properties include the proton conductivity, permeability, mechanical properties, thermal properties, crystallinity, and structure of additive‐modified nanocomposites. Furthermore, the challenges and future prospects in the additive field are discussed in Section 5.0. This review can provide a reference for researchers seeking specific substances that can be used to enhance nanocomposite properties, especially in membrane fuel cell applications.

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Section: Filler Cross‐link Agent and Plasticizermentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Additives In Different Types Of Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Cross-link Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

2019

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“…Nafion membrane, however, has also been reported to have some drawbacks associated with high fuel crossover, low conductivity at reduced humidity, and high purchasing cost . In order to replace Nafion, researchers have studied a number of hydrocarbon‐based polymers, including poly(arylene ether ketone) (PAEK), polyimide, poly(vinyl alcohol), and poly(arylene ether sulfone) . Among them, PAEK is one of the potentially considered membranes because of its cheap price, easy sulfonation process, and excellent thermal and mechanical resistance …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical stability enhancement of crown ether grafted sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) fuel cell membrane by cerium ion fixation

Park

Kim

2018

J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem.

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In operation of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell or direct methanol fuel cell, ·OH radicals are the major cause for the degradation of polymer electrolyte membrane. In order to enhance its antioxidation stability, cerium ion (Ce3+, CE), an ·OH radical quencher, is introduced to membrane, as it converts the ·OH radicals into inactive chemicals. In this study, aminoethyl‐15‐crown‐5 (CRE) is grafted on the sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) (SPAEK) to prevent the migration of CE ions from the membrane for long‐term antioxidation stability, as CRE forms a coordination complex with CE. The chemical and physical structures of the CRE grafted SPAEK are examined using proton nuclear magnetic resonance, energy dispersive X‐ray, and small‐angle X‐ray scattering spectroscopy. The physical properties of the CRE grafted SPAEK membrane are investigated and compared with those of the CRE blended and CE blended ones. While the grafting of CRE does not significantly affect the thermal and mechanical and water uptake behaviors of membranes, it leads to a significant improvement of antidegradation effect compared with other blend systems according to Fenton's test. The proton conductivity decreases with addition of CE but its effect is lessened by introduction of CRE. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2019, 57, 101–109

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“…[36][37][38] The thermal stability for such cross-linked membranes was greatly improved ( Figure 1). In comparison with thermal and radiation cross-linking [39,40] or ionic cross-linking, [41][42][43] solvent-assisted cross-linking may lead to improved proton conductivity, possibly attributable to a reduction of tortuosity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of Sulfonated Aromatic Polymers for Proton‐Exchange‐Membrane Fuel Cells

2011

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As a key component of proton-exchange-membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs), proton-exchange membranes (PEMs) must continuously withstand very harsh environments during long-term fuel cell operations. With the coming commercialization of PEMFCs, investigations into the durability and degradation of PEMs are becoming more and more urgent and interesting. Herein, various recent attempts and achievements to improve the durability of sulfonated aromatic polymers (SAPs) are reviewed and some further developments are predicted. Extensive investigations into inexpensive SAPs as alternative electrolyte membranes include modification of available polymer materials; design, synthesis, and optimization of new macromolecules; durability testing; and exploring the degradation mechanisms.

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Strontium cross–linked sPEEK proton exchange membranes for fuel cell

Cited by 32 publications

References 13 publications

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

Recent advances in additive‐enhanced polymer electrolyte membrane properties in fuel cell applications: An overview

Chemical stability enhancement of crown ether grafted sulfonated poly(arylene ether ketone) fuel cell membrane by cerium ion fixation

Durability of Sulfonated Aromatic Polymers for Proton‐Exchange‐Membrane Fuel Cells

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