Strontium as an Indicator of Rumen By-Pass Efficacy

Hedde, R. D.; Ward, Gerald M.

doi:10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(73)85409-8

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…It consists in providing a liquid with a marker substance in order to observe its presence or absence in the rumen depending on the state of the groove. It also enables the removal of fluid entered through the rumen fistula (31) . Mikhail et al (26) and González-Montaña et al (28) used methylene blue as marker dissolved in water orally administered to animals.…”

Section: Indirect Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Strontium chloride (SrCl2) and chromic oxide (Cr2O3) are two markers that, when taken with liquid food, are soluble and its concentration can be determined both in the rumen contents (strontium) and organ mucosae (chrome). Hedde and Ward (31) used strontium (5 mg/kg BW) to evaluate the effectiveness of "ruminal bypass" in calves using various routes of administration.They noted that the reflex of groove was complete in bottle-fed animals and strontium was not detected in rumen samples. However, in those calves receiving strontium in drinking water recovery from the rumen of this substance was complete.…”

Section: Indirect Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Anatomy, physiology, manipulation and veterinary applications of the reticular groove. Review

MARTÍN-ALONSO

Cal-Pereyra

Fernández-Caso

et al. 2019

Rev. Mex. Cienc. Pecu.

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Reticular groove closure in ruminants is a primary mechanism, almost exclusive of lactating animals, which makes the passage of food from the orifice of cardia to the abomasum possible, thus avoiding unwanted fermentations in rumen and reticulum. In this review It is described some anatomical and physiological aspects of the reticular groove, given its embryonic and postnatal development, its topographic location, structure, innervation, blood circulation and histology. Also describing the techniques used to study its functioning, both direct and indirect methods. Finally there is a concentrate on handling techniques to manipulate closing reflex of reticular groove and its veterinary applications, in both the stimulation and inhibition, since the possibility to control this reflex is of great interest in the oral administration of various drugs, the treatment of certain diseases, as well as a better utilization of some types of food.

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Section: Indirect Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Indirect Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomy, physiology, manipulation and veterinary applications of the reticular groove. Review

MARTÍN-ALONSO

Cal-Pereyra

Fernández-Caso

et al. 2019

Rev. Mex. Cienc. Pecu.

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“…One of the methods used to by-pass the rumen for postruminal digestion of a feed is by using oesophageal groove (Black, 1971;Hedde & Ward, 1973;Chalupa, 1975;Robinson, Mowat, Chapman & Parkins, 1977). 0rskov & Benzie (1969) showed that voluntary and eager sucking of any liquid feed from a teat would produce a complete closure of the oesophageal groove in lambs trained to swallow from a teat at weaning.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of liquid feeding of concentrate from a pail on growth and on the digestibility of the diet in young calves

Abe¹,

Shibui²,

Iriki³

et al. 1978

Br J Nutr

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1. Studies were done on the effects of giving calves two types of concentrate diet, both in a liquid form from an open pail or in a dry pelleted form, on the closure of oesophageal groove, body-weight gains and the digestibility of rations. 2. Twenty-four Holstein calves were used in an experiment by dividing into two groups of twelve calves each. The 'dry-fed' group (DFG) was given a pelleted concentrate, F1, from 25 to 42 d of age, and then given another type of pelleted concentrate, F2, from 43 to 87 d of age, and again given F1 from 88 to 112 d of age. The 'liquid-fed' group (LFG) was given from a pail a liquid suspension of the equivalent amount of the same concentrates as those fed to DFG calves, for the same periods. F1 contained skim milk and glucose with lower levels of maize and soya-bean meal than F2 which did not contain skim milk or glucose; F1 and F2 were both supplemented with 10 g methionine/kg and also supplemented with lysine at 5 and 10 g/kg respectively. All calves were allowed free access to roughage, and digestibilities were measured at 12 and 16 weeks of age. 3. Wet weights of reticulo-rumen and abomasal tissues (% whole stomach weight) were respectively 69.8 and 17.6 in DFG, and 59.0 and 26.4 in LFG at 42 d of age; at 87 d of age, the corresponding values were 68.0 and 16.3 in DFG, and 52.8 and 36.6 in LFG, and further, LFG had significantly more developed caecums and large intestines as well as significantly less developed reticulo-rumens and omasums than DFG. 4. Free amino acid patterns in plasma did not vary in DFG, but varied in LFG in response to the change in diet from F1 to F2 and to the difference between diets in lysine supplementation. 5. Feeding F1 in a liquid form and F2 in a dry form significantly improved calf gains. The intake of roughage in DFG exceeded that in LFG especially when F2 was fed. 6. The digestibility of diethyl ether extracts did not vary with feeding procedures, but that of crude protein (nitrogen x 6.25) was significantly higher in DFG independent of the type of diet. Digestibilities of dry matter and N-free extracts were significantly higher in LFG for F1, while higher in DFG for F2. The digestibility of acid-detergent fibre did not differ significantly between groups at 12 weeks of age, but was significantly higher in LFG at 16 weeks of age, suggesting a possible compensatory contribution of the large intestine to the digestion of fibre in LFG. 7. The efficiency of liquid feeding of a concentrate diet to ruminants compared with that of dry feeding is discussed.

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Effects of nipple or bucket feeding of milk-substitute on rumen by-pass and on rate of passage in calves

Abe¹,

Iriki²,

Kondoh³

et al. 1979

Br J Nutr

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I . Effects of feeding liquid milk-substitute to young calves either by nipple-pail or open-bucket o n the rumen by-pass and on the rate of passage were studied.z. Sixteen Holstein calves, aged I week initially, were used in three experiments in which calves were slaughtered after they were given liquids (milk-substituteand water) containingchromic oxide and SrCI, .6H,O as a tracer either by the nipple-or bucket-feeding method, and the distribution of tracers to the rumen, abomasum and the lower alimentary tracts was examined.3. When the liquid milk-substitute containing tracers was given by the nipple-or bucket-feeding method to calves having been trained to the corresponding procedures for the preceding I week, most of the tracers was directed into the omasum and abomasum. There seemed no difference in the functioning of oesophageal groove closure between the two feeding procedures. Even when the liquid milk-substitute containing tracers was given by the nipple-or bucket-feeding method to calves which had been accustomed to different procedures for the preceding week, the majority of tracers were found in the abomasum immediately after administration, though a slightly greater proportion of the tracers entered the reticulo-rumen.4. Continuing bucket feeding of liquid milk-substitute effected an efficient closure of the oesophageal groove at least up to 16 weeks of age. After calves were accustomed t o consume liquid milk-substitute from the bucket from I to 4 weeks of age, drinking warm water from the bucket also caused efficient closure at least up to 16 weeks of age.5. When tracers were administered with warm water, Cr,O, and strontium, especially the latter, transferred much more rapidly to the lower gut than when they were administered with liquid milk-substitute, probably reflecting the curd formation of the milk-substitute in the abomasum. When liquid milk-substitute with tracers was fed by the bucket-feeding method, Sr transferred more rapidly to the lower gut than when the milk-substitute was fed by the nipple-feeding method, indicating that the feeding procedure of liquid milk-substitute has a n apparent effect on the rate of passage.Milk-substitutes have been used in many intensive farms as the means of reducing cost of rearing calves. Feeding procedures of the liquid milk-substitute are divided into two main classes : the nipple-feeding method and the bucket-feeding method. The nipple-feeding method has been considered to be more adequate for young calves from the physiological aspect than the bucket-feeding method, in view of earlier work which showed that the reflex closure of the oesophageal groove depended on the stimuli associated with sucking milk from a teat (Wise & Anderson, 1939) or on the posture of calves while sucking (Wise et al. 1942). However, the bucket-feeding method has been adopted by large numbers of Japanese farmers because of its simplicity.Subsequently, Hegland et al. (1957) observed a complete closure of the oesophageal groove of calves during 6 weeks after birth, independe...

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Strontium as an Indicator of Rumen By-Pass Efficacy

Cited by 5 publications

References 3 publications

Anatomy, physiology, manipulation and veterinary applications of the reticular groove. Review

Anatomy, physiology, manipulation and veterinary applications of the reticular groove. Review

Effects of liquid feeding of concentrate from a pail on growth and on the digestibility of the diet in young calves

Effects of nipple or bucket feeding of milk-substitute on rumen by-pass and on rate of passage in calves

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