Strongly heat-assisted spin–orbit torque switching of a ferrimagnetic insulator

Ren, Zheyu; Qian, Kun; Aldosary, Mohammed; Liu, Yuting; Cheung, Shun Kong; Ng, Isaac; Shao, Qiming

doi:10.1063/5.0049103

Cited by 21 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Thermal effects in current‐induced spin‐orbit torque switching have been extensively studied in the literature and it was shown that it can lead to a reduced value of the in‐plane field necessary to initially break the system symmetry or induce a crossing of the compensation point in synthetic ferrimagnets. [ 34–36 ]…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thermal effects in currentinduced spin-orbit torque switching have been extensively studied in the literature and it was shown that it can lead to a reduced value of the in-plane field necessary to initially break the system symmetry or induce a crossing of the compensation point in synthetic ferrimagnets. [34][35][36] The emergence of an intermediate resistance state when sweeping the current was observed in the SOT switching experiments for certain CoGd structures. As seen in Figure 2c for Pt/Co 73 Gd 27 /W, an intermediate resistance plateau appeared in the current switching hysteresis loops at low in-plane magnetic field.…”

Section: Spin-orbit Torque Switchingmentioning

confidence: 89%

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Interplay between Spin‐Orbit Torques and Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya Interactions in Ferrimagnetic Amorphous Alloys

Quessab

Morshed

et al. 2021

Advanced Science

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Ferrimagnetic thin films are attractive for low-power spintronic applications because of their low magnetization, small angular momentum, and fast spin dynamics. Spin orbit torques (SOT) can be applied with proximal heavy metals that also generate interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interactions (DMI), which can stabilize ultrasmall skyrmions and enable fast domain wall motion. Here, the properties of a ferrimagnetic CoGd alloy between two heavy metals to increase the SOT efficiency, while maintaining a significant DMI is studied. SOT switching for various capping layers and alloy compositions shows that Pt/CoGd/(W or Ta) films enable more energy-efficient SOT magnetization switching than Pt/CoGd/Ir. Spin-torque ferromagnetic resonance confirms that Pt/CoGd/W has the highest spin-Hall angle of 16.5%, hence SOT efficiency, larger than Pt/CoGd/(Ta or Ir). Density functional theory calculations indicate that CoGd films capped by W or Ta have the largest DMI energy, 0.38 and 0.32 mJ m −2 , respectively. These results show that Pt/CoGd/W is a very promising ferrimagnetic structure to achieve small skyrmions and to move them efficiently with current.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Spin-orbit Torque Switchingmentioning

confidence: 89%

Interplay between Spin‐Orbit Torques and Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya Interactions in Ferrimagnetic Amorphous Alloys

Quessab

Morshed

et al. 2021

Advanced Science

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“…This creates hurdles in detecting the current-indued SOT switching for ferrimagnetic systems, particularly in the vicinity of T comp . For instance, the current-switching polarity was not reported to change across T comp in TbIG/W and always happens in the Fe-dominated scenario because the actual measured temperature is always above T comp owing to the excess Joule heating . Co-rich and Tb-rich samples host the same current-switching polarity in ferrimagnetic CoTb owing to the Joule heating effect .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, the current-switching polarity was not reported to change across T comp in TbIG/W and always happens in the Fe-dominated scenario because the actual measured temperature is always above T comp owing to the excess Joule heating. 37 Co-rich and Tb-rich samples host the same current-switching polarity in ferrimagnetic CoTb owing to the Joule heating effect. 38 Essentially, the large spin transparency at the GdIG/Pt interface can reduce the required injected charge current and decrease the excess Joule heating to some extent.…”

Section: ↑↓mentioning

confidence: 96%

Current-Induced Magnetization Switching Across a Nearly Room-Temperature Compensation Point in an Insulating Compensated Ferrimagnet

Liu

Zhang

et al. 2022

ACS Nano

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Insulating compensated ferrimagnets, especially hosting room-temperature compensation points, are considered promising candidates for developing ultra-high-density and ultrafast magnonic devices owing to combining the characteristics of both ferromagnets and antiferromagnets. These intriguing features become outstanding close to their compensation points. However, their spin–orbit torque (SOT)-induced magnetization switching, particularly in the vicinity of the compensation points, remains unclear. Herein, we systematically investigated the SOT in insulating compensated ferrimagnetic Gd3Fe5O12/Pt heterostructures with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. A nearly room-temperature compensation point (T comp ∼ 297 K) was consistently identified by the magnetization curves, spin Hall-induced anomalous Hall effect, and spin Hall magnetoresistance measurements. Moreover, using 100 ns duration pulsed current, deterministic current-induced magnetization switching below and above T comp, even at 294 and 301 K, was achieved with opposite switching polarity. It is found that a large current is required to switch the magnetization in the vicinity of T comp, although the effective SOT field increases close to T comp. Our finding provides alternative opportunities for exploring ultrafast room-temperature magnon-based devices.

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“…Due to the easy detectability and ultrafast magnetic dynamics, ferrimagnets have recently attracted tremendous attention. − The ferrimagnet’s two sublattices hold independent magnetizations and gyromagnetic ratios which respond differently to temperature. − Therefore, ferrimagnets can provide an alternative platform to implement thermal-assisted (TA) j sw reduction. Unfortunately, few works have realized sufficiently large temperature impact on j sw in ferrimagnetic (FIM) devices to date, mainly due to the robust bulk perpendicular magnetic anisotropy (PMA) in thick ferrimagnets. , …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Anomalous Thermal-Assisted Spin–Orbit Torque-Induced Magnetization Switching for Energy-Efficient Logic-in-Memory

et al. 2022

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Spin–orbit torque (SOT) is widely considered as an effective route to manipulate magnetic order in spintronic devices. The low power consumption and long endurance demands from future computer architectures urgently require a reduction of the critical SOT switching current density, j sw. However, except for searching for a SOT source with a high-spin Hall angle, few efficient mechanisms to reduce j sw have been proposed. In this work, we achieved an anomalous thermal-assisted (TA) j sw reduction in a Pt/Co/Tb heterostructure through engineering a ferrimagnetic Co/Tb interface. This j sw reduction tendency is demonstrated to be strongly dependent on the thickness of Tb, t Tb. When t Tb reaches an optimal point (3 nm), a 74 K temperature increase will reduce j sw by more than an order of magnitude (17 times). Comparison experiments and theoretical simulations indicate that this anomalous TA reduction behavior goes beyond the conventional SOT framework and originates from the temperature-sensitive ferrimagnetic interface. We further propose a multifunctional logic-in-memory device, where six different Boolean logic gates can be implemented, to demonstrate the application potential and energy efficiency of this TA SOT switching mechanism. Our work provides an effective alternative to reduce j sw in SOT devices and may inspire future spintronic memory, logic, and high-frequency devices.

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Strongly heat-assisted spin–orbit torque switching of a ferrimagnetic insulator

Cited by 21 publications

References 28 publications

Interplay between Spin‐Orbit Torques and Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya Interactions in Ferrimagnetic Amorphous Alloys

Interplay between Spin‐Orbit Torques and Dzyaloshinskii‐Moriya Interactions in Ferrimagnetic Amorphous Alloys

Current-Induced Magnetization Switching Across a Nearly Room-Temperature Compensation Point in an Insulating Compensated Ferrimagnet

Anomalous Thermal-Assisted Spin–Orbit Torque-Induced Magnetization Switching for Energy-Efficient Logic-in-Memory

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