Strong Association Between Human and Animal Brucella Seropositivity in a Linked Study in Kenya, 2012–2013

Osoro, Eric; Munyua, Peninah; Omulo, Sylvia; Ogola, Eric; Ade, Fredrick; Mbatha, Peter; Mbabu, Murithi; Ng’ang’a, Zipporah; Kairu, Salome; Maritim, Marybeth; Thumbi, Samuel M.; Bitek, Austine; Gaichugi, Stella; Rubin, Carol; Njenga, Kariuki; Guerra, Marta

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.15-0113

Cited by 77 publications

(164 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…from animals to humans in the former than in the latter. Similarly, in predominantly pastoral communities of Kenya, a high prevalence of brucellosis seropositivity in humans and livestock, a two to four fold higher prevalence in humans than in animals, and a strong household level association of seropositivity in humans and animals have been described [117]. In rural Ethiopia, livestock delivery is often assisted with bare hands and consuming raw milk is a common practice in a significant segment of the population.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucellosis Seropositivity in Animals and Humans in Ethiopia: A Meta-analysis

Tadesse

2016

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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BackgroundThe objectives of this study were to assess the heterogeneities of estimates and to estimate the seroprevalence of brucellosis in animals and humans in Ethiopia.Methods/Principal findingsData from 70 studies covering 75879 animals and 2223 humans were extracted. Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT) and Complement Fixation Test (CFT) in series were the most frequently used serological tests. A random effects model was used to calculate pooled prevalence estimates. The overall True Prevalence of brucellosis seropositivity in goats and sheep were estimated at 5.3% (95%CI = 3.5, 7.5) and 2.7% (95%CI = 1.8, 3.4), respectively, and 2.9% for each of camels and cattle. The prevalence was higher in post-pubertal than in pre-pubertal animals (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 2.6, 3.7) and in the pastoral than in the mixed crop-livestock production system (OR = 2.8, 95%CI = 2.5, 3.2). The incidence rates of brucellosis in humans of pastoral and sedentary system origins were estimated at 160 and 28 per 100 000 person years, respectively.ConclusionsThe seroprevalence of brucellosis is higher in goats than in other species. Its occurrence is evocative of its importance in the country in general and in the pastoral system in particular. Public awareness creation could reduce the transmission of Brucella spp. from animals to humans and the potential of livestock vaccination as a means of control of brucellosis needs to be assessed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brucellosis Seropositivity in Animals and Humans in Ethiopia: A Meta-analysis

Tadesse

2016

PLoS Negl Trop Dis

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“…About 4.96% prevalence of brucellosis has been reported among PUO and occupationally exposed individuals in Goa [18], 24.5% in Ludhiana, India [19]. Globally several studies showed the similar seroprevalence such as 6.4% in Iran [20], 5.2% in Afghanistan [21], 3.4% in Central Anatolia [22], 19% in Saudi Arabia [23], 53.25% in Mongolia [24], 20.5% in Tanzania [25], 6.26% in Egypt [26], 16% in Kenya [27], 2.15% in Ethiopia [28], 24.1% in abbatoir workers of Abuja [29], 17% in Uganda [30] and 3.8% in Chad [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Sero Prevalence of Brucellosis in Pregnant Women Visiting Gynaecology Department of Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

Thapa¹,

Maharjan²

2018

Natl. j. health sci.

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Introduction: Brucellosis is a highly contagious zoonotic disease caused by ingestion of unpasteurized milk or undercooked meat from infected animals or close contact with their secretions. Subject and Methods:Sero-prevalence of brucellosis in pregnant women was conducted for the first time in Kathmandu, Nepal. A total of 80 sera samples were collected from the pregnant women visiting Kathmandu Model Hospital. The patients were categorized on the basis of age, trimester and ethnic groups. The sera samples were tested by ELISA method. Results:The sero-prevalence of brucellosis among pregnant women was found to be 11.25%. Madhesi ethnic group showed the highest (16.66%) seropositivity rates followed by Janajati (11.53%) and the lowest was in Brahmin (8.33%) ethnic group. Similarly, the age group 31-35 years showed highest prevalence (29.41%) followed by the age group 26-30 years (13.33%). There is absence of seropositivity among the age group 16-20 years and 21-25 years. The highest sero-prevalence rate (12.76%) was found in the third trimester followed by first trimester (10%) and the lowest was in second trimester (8.69%). About 3% of them consume raw milk directly from milking animals which is one of the risk factor of brucellosis in pregnant women. Conclusion:The prevalence was found to be high in pregnant women and ELISA was a sensitive and specific test for the detection of IgG antibodies against Brucella.

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“…Our search identified one study that used random sampling procedures in linked human and animal livestock populations [32]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review of brucellosis in Kenya: disease frequency in humans and animals and risk factors for human infection

et al. 2016

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BackgroundBrucellosis is a debilitating zoonotic disease affecting humans and animals. A comprehensive, evidence-based assessment of literature and officially available data on animal and human brucellosis for Kenya are missing. The aim of the current review is to provide frequency estimates of brucellosis in humans, animals and risk factors for human infection, and help to understand the current situation in Kenya.MethodsA total of accessible 36 national and international publications on brucellosis from 1916 to 2016 were reviewed to estimate the frequency of brucellosis in humans and animals, and strength of associations between potential risk factors and seropositivity in humans in Kenya.ResultsThe conducted studies revealed only few and fragmented evidence of the disease spatial and temporal distribution in an epidemiological context. Bacteriological evidence revealed the presence of Brucella (B.) abortus and B. melitensis in cattle and human patients, whilst B. suis was isolated from wild rodents only. Similar evidence for Brucella spp infection in small ruminants and other animal species is unavailable. The early and most recent serological studies revealed that animal brucellosis is widespread in all animal production systems. The animal infection pressure in these systems has remained strong due to mixing of large numbers of animals from different geographical regions, movement of livestock in search of pasture, communal sharing of grazing land, and the concentration of animals around water points. Human cases are more likely seen in groups occupationally or domestically exposed to livestock or practicing risky social-cultural activities such as consumption of raw blood and dairy products, and slaughtering of animals within the homesteads. Many brucellosis patients are misdiagnosed and probably mistreated due to lack of reliable laboratory diagnostic support resulting to adverse health outcomes of the patients and routine disease underreporting. We found no studies of disease incidence estimates or disease control efforts.ConclusionThe risk for re-emergence and transmission of brucellosis is evident as a result of the co-existence of animal husbandry activities and social-cultural activities that promote brucellosis transmission. Well-designed countrywide, evidence-based, and multidisciplinary studies of brucellosis at the human/livestock/wildlife interface are needed. These could help to generate reliable frequency and potential impact estimates, to identify Brucella reservoirs, and to propose control strategies of proven efficacy.

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Strong Association Between Human and Animal Brucella Seropositivity in a Linked Study in Kenya, 2012–2013

Cited by 77 publications

References 31 publications

Brucellosis Seropositivity in Animals and Humans in Ethiopia: A Meta-analysis

Brucellosis Seropositivity in Animals and Humans in Ethiopia: A Meta-analysis

Sero Prevalence of Brucellosis in Pregnant Women Visiting Gynaecology Department of Kathmandu Model Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

Systematic review of brucellosis in Kenya: disease frequency in humans and animals and risk factors for human infection

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