Brucellosis Seropositivity in Animals and Humans in Ethiopia: A Meta-analysis

Tadesse, Getachew

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005006

Cited by 42 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…The infection of Brucella species is commonly mediated by direct contact with the placenta, fetus, fetal fluids, and vaginal discharges or byproducts (e.g., milk, meat, and cheese) from infected animals [ 23 , 24 ]. This explains why the typical route of infection is either direct ingestion or via mucous membranes, broken skin, and in rare cases intact skin [ 25 , 26 ]. Professional health workers are frequent victims of Brucella infection, especially in regions of prevalent disease, and it is documented that nearly 12% of laboratory workers in Spain get brucellosis during fieldwork [ 27 , 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Brucellosis has been reported in 86 different countries worldwide and is a serious threat not only to livestock but also to human health globally. Despite its brutal impact on economic loss, it is also associated with high morbidity, both for humans and animals in developing countries [ 25 , 33 ]. North African and Near East countries are listed at the top for infection and cross-infection of brucellosis [ 34 , 35 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of Brucellosis in Cattle and Humans, and its Serological and Molecular Diagnosis in Control Strategies

2018

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Brucellosis is one of the most common contagious and communicable zoonotic diseases with high rates of morbidity and lifetime sterility. There has been a momentous increase over the recent years in intra/interspecific infection rates, due to poor management and limited resources, especially in developing countries. Abortion in the last trimester is a predominant sign, followed by reduced milk yield and high temperature in cattle, while in humans it is characterized by undulant fever, general malaise, and arthritis. While the clinical picture of brucellosis in humans and cattle is not clear and often misleading with the classical serological diagnosis, efforts have been made to overcome the limitations of current serological assays through the development of PCR-based diagnosis. Due to its complex nature, brucellosis remains a serious threat to public health and livestock in developing countries. In this review, we summarized the recent literature, significant advancements, and challenges in the treatment and vaccination against brucellosis, with a special focus on developing countries.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Brucellosis in Cattle and Humans, and its Serological and Molecular Diagnosis in Control Strategies

2018

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“…In Ethiopia, sero-prevalence studies have shown the occurrence of brucellosis in animals and in patients with recurrent febrile illness in various pastoral areas of the country [ 9 – 12 ]. However, there is little information [ 13 , 14 ] regarding the pastoralists’ awareness about the zoonotic and animal health importance of brucellosis in Ethiopia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge and perception of pastoral community members about brucellosis as a cause of abortion in animals and its zoonotic importance in Amibara district, Afar Region, Ethiopia

Legesse

Medhin

Bayissa³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Sero-epidemiological studies of brucellosis in the Afar Region showed that the disease is prevalent in livestock. However, there is little information regarding the pastoral community members’ awareness about brucellosis as a cause of abortion in animals and its zoonotic importance. In this study, we assessed knowledge and perception of pastoral community members about brucellosis as a cause of abortion in animals and its zoonotic importance in Amibara district, Afar Region, Ethiopia. Between October and December 2016, a total of 475 study participants (age range 18–80 years, mean age 35.9 years) were interviewed about abortion in their animals, its causes, and diseases that can be transmitted to humans through consumption of raw milk. Almost all (97.7%) of the study participants reported that abortion in animals, especially in goats, is a major problem in the area, and they mentioned that disease (44.6%), drought (58.4%) and fly bites (29.5%) as the main causes of abortion. The study participantsalso thought that malaria (42.9%) and bovine tuberculosis (19.3%) can be transmitted to humans through consuming raw milk. Five respondents (4.2%) mentioned brucellosis (locally known as “hahayita”) as a disease that can be transmitted through frequent consumption of raw milk. The majority (91.9%) mentioned malaria as a cause of febrile illness in humans and 16 (4.4%) participants mentioned brucellosis as a cause of febrile illness. Some participants also mentioned brucellosis as a cause of joint swelling (hygroma) in cattle. In conclusion, the pastoral community members in the present study area lack clear understanding about brucellosis as one of the diseases that cause abortion in their animals and its zoonotic importance. There is a need to create awareness about the zoonotic and animal health importance of brucellosis through various means such as community health extension/veterinary workers and community leaders.

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“…At present, vaccination remains the most successful method of preventing brucellosis in animals from countries with a high incidence (23). However, specific types of live-attenuated vaccines used for controlling animal brucellosis are disadvantageous to humans (4), leading to the development of novel vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was suggested that tuberculosis may depend on the T helper-1 (Th1)-type cell-mediated immune response to protect against infection by an intracellular pathogen, including Brucella (24,25). A number of studies demonstrated that DNA vaccines acted on the major histocompatibility complex class I and II following naked DNA immunization, inducing a wide range of immune responses, including antibody production, CD8 cytotoxic T cells and CD4 T helper cell activation (10,23,26). DNA vaccines overcame the disadvantages of acellular vaccines, including recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides that were not adequately processed and presented, which resulted in a failure to induce a strong CMI response as well as to confer a high degree of protection (6,27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of a DNA vaccine encoding Brucella BvrR in BALB/c mice

et al. 2018

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Brucellosis is an important neglected zoonotic disease, and the pathogens responsible are Brucellae. In order to evaluate the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of a DNA vaccine encoding Brucella BvrR, the recombinant plasmid pCDNA-BvrR was constructed by inserting the BvrR gene fragment into a pCDNA3.0 vector. The His 6-tagged BvrR was purified with His-trap FF crude affinity chromatography and verified with an anti-histidine monoclonal antibody by western blot analysis. The specific immunoglobulin antigens and their isotypes were detected by indirect ELISA. The recombinant His 6-BvrR protein was expressed and purified by affinity chromatography. The optical density 450 value of immunoglobulin G (IgG) in the pCDNA-BvrR group was significantly increased compared with the pCDNA3.0 vector or PBS groups (P<0.05), and the pCDNA3.0 vector and PBS groups exhibited no significant difference (P>0.05). BvrR induced specific antibodies with a dominance of IgG2a over IgG1 and the T cell-proliferative response, in addition to a typical T helper-1 (Th1)-dominated immune response in mice. The splenocytes from mice of the pCDNA-BvrR group demonstrated significant proliferative activity compared with the pCDNA3.0 vector group. The present results indicated that immunization with BvrR induced a specific Th1-type immune response in mice. Subsequent to challenging with B. abortus S19, it was identified that the DNA vaccine pCDNA-BvrR induced a significant level of protection in BALB/c mice by evaluating systemic bacterial clearance. These results suggested that BvrR may be a good candidate for a DNA vaccine against brucellosis.

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Brucellosis Seropositivity in Animals and Humans in Ethiopia: A Meta-analysis

Cited by 42 publications

References 80 publications

An Overview of Brucellosis in Cattle and Humans, and its Serological and Molecular Diagnosis in Control Strategies

An Overview of Brucellosis in Cattle and Humans, and its Serological and Molecular Diagnosis in Control Strategies

Knowledge and perception of pastoral community members about brucellosis as a cause of abortion in animals and its zoonotic importance in Amibara district, Afar Region, Ethiopia

Evaluation of a DNA vaccine encoding Brucella BvrR in BALB/c mice

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