Stromboli (2002-2003) Crisis Management and Risk Mitigation Actions

Bertolaso, G.; Bernardinis, B. De; Cardaci, C.; Scalzo, A.; Rosi, Mauro

doi:10.1029/182gm30

Cited by 1 publication

(5 citation statements)

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“…In the long run the event did, however, increase awareness of volcanic hazard on Stromboli, and led to changes in hazard management on Stromboli, an enormous improvement of the monitoring network and response system, communication, signage, outreach and education (Bertolaso et al 2008a(Bertolaso et al , b, 2009. As a result, it seems that, from a cursory analysis of the news media during the events on Stromboli during the summer of 2019, this has had a positive effect (see Appendix).…”

Section: Discussion Sum-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Following the 30 December 2002 event, civil protection intervention was immediate (Bertolaso et al, 2008a, b). The first action was to help residents and provide lodging for those who decided to leave the island spontaneously.…”

Section: The First Three Weeks Of Stromboli's 2002-2003 Eruption and mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The evacuation frame ("escape from Stromboli") News of the "evacuation" of Stromboli, which was later clarified as a voluntary evacuation by Civil Protection (Bertolaso et al, 2008a), appeared in all newspaper issues on 31 December 2002. Phrases used to describe the evacuation, besides using the word "escape", were often accompanied by words like "panic" or "terror".…”

Section: Tsunami Framementioning

confidence: 99%

“…What was not communicated was that scientists, civil protection and the mayor of Lipari were, during the last days of December 2002 and first days of January 2003, working in close collaboration to implement an effective response and surveillance plan (Bertolaso et al, 2008a(Bertolaso et al, ,b, 2009; resulting in what can be regarded as one of the most dense monitoring arrays on the planet and a blueprint for surveillance. However, inconsistencies and apparent disagreements between various actors did not help clear this issue up.…”

Section: Tsunami Framementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The summit area, prior to the 2002-2003 eruption, had thus remained open to tourists with no restrictions. The ease of visit to the summit and guarantee of viewing of explosive activity, along with Stromboli's fame as a classic volcanological site, made Stromboli an iconic volcano tourist destination (Struck, 2010), where the tourist industry had developed "with little consideration being paid to the hazards posed by the presence of an active volcano" (Bertolaso et al, 2008a, b). Indeed, by 1989, although the population was only around 421, hotel bed capacity was for 1181 with almost 21,000 tourists staying on the island during the year (Cavallaro and Concotta 1991).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Media views of the Stromboli 2002–2003 eruption and evacuation: a content analysis to understand framing of risk communication during a volcanic crisis

2020

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The 2002-2003 eruption of Stromboli (Aeolian Islands, Italy) was one of Stromboli's most important effusive events of the last two centuries and began on 28 December 2002. On 30 December 2002, two days after the beginning of the eruption, a landslide entered the sea and caused a tsunami that struck Stromboli's coastal areas. The events of 30 December led to a "voluntary evacuation" by Stromboli's inhabitants. To understand the role of the media in framing risk and the evacuation, we analyzed the content of five newspapers, including two national newspapers (Il Corriere della Sera and La Repubblica) and three regional newspapers (La Gazzetta del Sud, La Sicilia and Il Giornale di Sicilia), published during the period covering the onset of the eruption, the tsunami and the voluntary evacuation (28 December 2002-18 January 2003). Our aim was to assess the type of hazard information given, how it was delivered, and how this may have helped (or not) with the population's resilience, especially in regard to viewing a potential need to evacuate in a favorable light. News regarding the eruption covered a total area of 12, 000 cm 2 for the national newspapers (~6000 cm 2 /paper) against 41,700 cm 2 for the regionals (14,000 cm 2 /paper); making the regional newspapers the more important sources by quantity. For both newspaper categories, most of this area was occupied by interviews with experts, followed by quotes from residents and tourists, and, finally, those involved in the response (i.e., hazard managers, including civil protection and local government). Out of a total of 9286 words analyzed, the most popular was "tsunami" (426 cases), with the word "volcano" being repeated 315 times (the 6th most popular word); so it would have been difficult for the population not to have known there was a potential risk of tsunami associated with the volcano. In texturally framing the eruptive crisis, negative words, such as "fear", "terror" and "apocalypse", were much more frequent than positive words, which were rare and even not present in some newspapers. The reporting focused on the tsunami threat with little link back to the eruption and other hazards, and contrasted with imagery (that took up 41% of the reporting space) which comprised relaxing pictures of a tranquil island surrounded by a calm blue sea. This, coupled with a confused message through selection of quoted expert sources, may have led to an exaggerated and alarmist frame for the eruption and attendant hazards. This was in spite of widespread use of scientific sources, as well as pleas from the

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Section: Discussion Sum-upmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The First Three Weeks Of Stromboli's 2002-2003 Eruption and mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tsunami Framementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Tsunami Framementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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