Stroke Volume Does not Plateau in Female Endurance Athletes

Wang, E.; Solli, Guro Strøm; Nyberg, Stian Kwak; Hoff, Jan; Helgerud, Jan

doi:10.1055/s-0031-1301315

Cited by 32 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…One or more of the following criteria for reaching VO 2max⁡ were considered [21]: (1) if the oxygen consumption reached a plateau despite further increases in workload, (2) a RER above 1.05, and (3) lactate concentration in blood ([La − ] b ) > 7 mmol. Maximal heart rate (HR max⁡ ) was calculated as 4 beats · min −1 added to the highest heart rate during the last minute [22]. For heart rate assessment Polar F6 heart rate monitors were used (Polar Electro, Finland).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Intensity Interval Training in Patients with Substance Use Disorder

Flemmen

Unhjem

Wang

2014

BioMed Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Patients with substance use disorder (SUD) suffer a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and other lifestyle diseases compared to the general population. High intensity training has been shown to effectively reduce this risk, and therefore we aimed to examine the feasibility and effect of such training in SUD patients in clinical treatment in the present study. 17 males and 7 females (32 ± 8 yr) in treatment were randomized to either a training group (TG), treadmill interval training in 4 × 4 minutes at 90–95% of maximal heart rate, 3 days a week for 8 weeks, or a conventional rehabilitation control group (CG). Baseline values for both groups combined at inclusion were 44 ± 8 (males) and 34 ± 9 (females) mL · min−1 · kg−1, respectively. 9/12 and 7/12 patients completed the TG and CG, respectively. Only the TG significantly improved (15 ± 7%) their maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), from 42.3 ± 7.2 mL · min−1 · kg−1 at pretest to 48.7 ± 9.2 mL · min−1 · kg−1 at posttest. No between-group differences were observed in work economy, and level of insomnia (ISI) or anxiety and depression (HAD), but a significant within-group improvement in depression was apparent for the TG. High intensity training was feasible for SUD patients in treatment. This training form should be implemented as a part of the rehabilitation since it, in contrast to the conventional treatment, represents a risk reduction for cardiovascular disease and premature death.

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Intensity Interval Training in Patients with Substance Use Disorder

Flemmen

Unhjem

Wang

2014

BioMed Research International

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The 5-min submaximal, constant work load approach has previously been established as a testing procedure to obtain work economy data (Storen et al 2008). Pulmonary VO 2 , power output, and HR (Polar Sport Tester, Polar Electro Oy, Finland) were then measured during a graded maximal exercise test employing work rate increments of 25 W/min (8-12 min duration) (Wang et al 2012). Together with vocal encouragement to continue to exhaustion, the following criteria were used to determine VO 2max : (1) a plateau in VO 2 toward the end of the test despite an increase in work load (although, in general, only present in 50 % of the tests).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exercise-training-induced changes in metabolic capacity with age: the role of central cardiovascular plasticity

Wang

Næss

Hoff

et al. 2013

AGE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Although aging is typically associated with a decline in maximal oxygen consumption (VO 2max ), young and old subjects, of similar initial muscle metabolic capacity, increased quadriceps VO 2max equally when this small muscle mass was trained in isolation. As it is unclear if this preserved exercise-induced plasticity with age is still evident with centrally challenging whole body exercise, we assessed maximal exercise responses in 13 young (24±2 years) and 13 old (60± 3 years) males, matched for cycling VO 2max (3.82±0.66 and 3.69±0.30 L min −1 , respectively), both before and after 8 weeks of high aerobic intensity cycle exercise training. As a consequence of the training both young and old significantly improved VO 2max (13±6 vs. 6± 7 %) and maximal power output (20±6 vs. 10±6 %, respectively) from baseline, however, the young exhibited a significantly larger increase than the old. Similarly, independently assessed maximal cardiac output (Q max ) tended to increase more in the young (16 ±14 %) than in the old (11±12 %), with no change in a-vO 2 difference in either group. Further examination of the components of Q max provided additional evidence of reduced exercise-induced plasticity in both maximal heart rate (young −3 %, old 0 %) and stroke volume (young 19± 15, old 11± 11 %) in the old. In combination, these findings imply that limited central cardiovascular plasticity may be responsible, at least in part, for the attenuated response to whole body exercise training with increasing age.

show abstract

“…Cardiac output, the product of heart rate (beats min −1 ) and stroke volume (mL min −1 ), may increase from ∼5 L min −1 at rest to ∼15 L min −1 in young females (449) and ∼20 L min −1 in young males (288,378) and up to ∼25 to 30 (449) and ∼35 to 40 L min −1 (103) in elite female and male athletes, respectively, during maximal exercise engaging a large muscle mass. This pronounced effect of exercise training on maximal cardiac output would be expected to entail a structurally and functionally improved heart in the trained state.…”

Section: Central Adaptations To Exercise Training Cardiac Adaptationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise Training

Hellsten

Nyberg

2015

Comprehensive Physiology

203

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Aerobic exercise training leads to cardiovascular changes that markedly increase aerobic power and lead to improved endurance performance. The functionally most important adaptation is the improvement in maximal cardiac output which is the result of an enlargement in cardiac dimension, improved contractility, and an increase in blood volume, allowing for greater filling of the ventricles and a consequent larger stroke volume. In parallel with the greater maximal cardiac output, the perfusion capacity of the muscle is increased, permitting for greater oxygen delivery. To accommodate the higher aerobic demands and perfusion levels, arteries, arterioles, and capillaries adapt in structure and number. The diameters of the larger conduit and resistance arteries are increased minimizing resistance to flow as the cardiac output is distributed in the body and the wall thickness of the conduit and resistance arteries is reduced, a factor contributing to increased arterial compliance. Endurance training may also induce alterations in the vasodilator capacity, although such adaptations are more pronounced in individuals with reduced vascular function. The microvascular net increases in size within the muscle allowing for an improved capacity for oxygen extraction by the muscle through a greater area for diffusion, a shorter diffusion distance, and a longer mean transit time for the erythrocyte to pass through the smallest blood vessels. The present article addresses the effect of endurance training on systemic and peripheral cardiovascular adaptations with a focus on humans, but also covers animal data.

show abstract

Stroke Volume Does not Plateau in Female Endurance Athletes

Cited by 32 publications

References 11 publications

High-Intensity Interval Training in Patients with Substance Use Disorder

High-Intensity Interval Training in Patients with Substance Use Disorder

Exercise-training-induced changes in metabolic capacity with age: the role of central cardiovascular plasticity

Cardiovascular Adaptations to Exercise Training

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About