Striatal perfusion of indomethacin attenuates dopamine increase in immature rat brain exposed to anoxia: an in vivo microdialysis study

In Vivo Microdialysis: A Method for Sampling Extracellular Fluid in Discrete Brain Regions

“…Rapid developmental change in neonatal rodent brain anatomy discourages the implantation of guide cannulae weeks or days in advance of probe insertion, so investigators prefer surgical implantation of the probe itself without a guide (Andersen and Gazzara, 1994;Gazzara and Andersen, 1994a, b) or surgical implantation of guides within several hours of probe insertion (Ishida et al, 1997;Ogasawara et al, 1999;Kosten et al, 2003). Accurate probe placement in the small and rapidly changing brain can be facilitated by site-specific guidelines such as those recently developed for the nucleus accumbens (Philpot et al, 2001).…”

“…However, cold anesthesia is reported only up to postnatal day (PN) 10 subjects, creating a confounding variable between age groups in ontological comparisons. Other investigators have used ether, a xylazine/ketamine cocktail, or urethane (Andersen and Gazzara, 1994;Gazzara and Andersen 1994a, b;Ishida et al, 1997;Frantz and Van Hartesveldt, 1999;Ogasawara et al, 1999;Philpot et al, 2001;Kosten et al, 2003) in neonatal or older developing rats. Additional adaptations in surgical technique for developing rodents are required, including a mouse adapter for stereotaxic surgery in young rats, ear bar variants and/or clay or plastic molds to secure extremely small subjects during surgery, and/or using ethyl-2cyanoacrylate (e.g., Superglue) with dental acrylic rather than skull screws to anchor cannulae and/or probes (Ishida et al, 1997;Frantz and Van Hartesveldt, 1999;McCormick et al, 2002;Kosten et al, 2003).…”

Contributions of Microdialysis to New Alternative Therapeutics for Hepatic Encephalopathy

“…The first study applying this procedure was performed in the early nineties by Yokel et al [58], where microdialysis was used to determinate aluminum in blood, liver and brain. Microdialysis has been used to study biochemical changes in posthypoxic encephalopathy [61], hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy [62–64], encephalopathy associated with septic shock [65], thiamine deficiency encephalopathy [66–69], viral encephalopathy [70] and hepatic encephalopathy described in more detail in the next section of this review.…”

The Use of Microdialysis in the Study of Encephalopathies

“…It works by inhibiting the production of prostaglandins, molecules known to cause these symptoms. To try understanding the role of this drug in the possible protective effect on hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, Ogasawara et al (1999) examined the effects of indomethacin on extracellular dopamine (DA) in the striatum of immature rats submitted to anoxia using in vivo microdialysis and HPLC to quantify DA. They found that during anoxia the DA level reached 1185+/-400% of the basal level and the peak levels of DA were only 307+/-63%, 153+/-35% in indomethacin groups.…”

“…They found that during anoxia the DA level reached 1185+/-400% of the basal level and the peak levels of DA were only 307+/-63%, 153+/-35% in indomethacin groups. They conclude that the suppression that induces indomethacin is possibly one of the mechanisms that helps to avoid the dopamine alterations on hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (Ogasawara et al, 1999).…”