Stressful work in primary health care and mental health: The role of gender inequities in Brazil

Araújo, Tânia Maria de; Sousa, Camila Carvalho de; Siegrist, Johannes

doi:10.1002/ajim.23360

Cited by 5 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(106 reference statements)

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“…The substitute list was made together with the sample list. Additional information on the methodological aspects of this study can be obtained from Araújo et al 19 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The substitute list was made together with the sample list. Additional information on the methodological aspects of this study can be obtained from Araújo et al 19 A research team was formed in each municipality, coordinated by the researchers from the universities and health services of each place. The management of the project included general coordination and coordination of the municipalities that participated in the project.…”

Section: Sample Selection Wasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occupational stressors and mental illness in healthcare work: An intersection between gender, race, and class

de Sousa,

Araújo,

Maturino

2023

American J Industrial Med

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BackgroundPrevious studies have supported the relevance of using broad and complex approaches, including multiple explanatory categories, to analyze mental disorders in the working population. This study aimed to assess the direct and indirect effects of gender, race, social class, and occupational stressors on mental health.MethodsA cross‐sectional study used a random sample of 3343 health workers. The effort–reward imbalance (ERI) scale measured occupational stressors. The World Health Organization Self‐Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ‐20) evaluated common mental disorders (CMDs) as outcomes. The role of gender, race/color, and class determinants (level of schooling and income) in the relationship between occupational stressors and CMD was assessed. Structural equation modeling was used to determine associations and effects.ResultsOccupational stressors were directly associated with CMD and mediated the relationship between income and CMD. Gender was directly associated with occupational stressors, income, and domestic overload. Race was associated with education and with CMD through indirect paths mediated by class indicators. Class indicators contributed to increasing exposure to occupational stressors and the occurrence of CMD.ConclusionThe results highlight the relevance of gender, race/color, and class in understanding the unequal distribution of work stressors and mental illness in health workers.

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“…The substitute list was made together with the sample list. Additional information on the methodological aspects of this study can be obtained from Araújo et al 19 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sample Selection Wasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Occupational stressors and mental illness in healthcare work: An intersection between gender, race, and class

de Sousa,

Araújo,

Maturino

2023

American J Industrial Med

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Combined effects of gender, race, and occupational stressors on mental health

Sousa,

Araújo

2024

Rev. bras. saúde ocup.

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Objective: analyze the isolated and combined effects of gender, race, and occupational stressors on the mental health of healthcare workers. Methods: cross-sectional study with a random sample of health workers in Bahia, Brazil. The primary exposure variables were gender, race, and occupational stressors, assessed using the Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) scale. The Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) measured common mental disorders (CMD), the outcome variable. The interaction measures were verified based on the additivity criterion by calculating the excess prevalence, excess prevalence ratio, and relative difference. Results: 3,343 workers participated, 77.9% were female. CMD prevalence was 21.7% higher among women, Black people, and those exposed to work stressors. Among Black women in a situation of ERI, the prevalence of CMD was three times higher compared with white men in a situation of balance (reference group). Discussion: black women workers accumulate social disadvantages and are more susceptible to occupations that require more significant effort and less reward. CMD prevalence was higher at the intersection of exposures. Combined effect of the factors exceeded the sum of the isolated effects, demonstrating an interaction between gender, race, and occupational stressors.

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Efeitos combinados de gênero, raça e estressores ocupacionais na saúde mental

Sousa,

Araújo

2024

Rev. bras. saúde ocup.

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Resumo Objetivo: analisar os efeitos isolados e combinados do gênero, da raça e dos estressores ocupacionais sobre a saúde mental de trabalhadores e trabalhadoras da saúde. Métodos: estudo transversal com amostra aleatória de trabalhadores(as) da saúde da Bahia, Brasil. As variáveis de exposição principais foram: gênero, raça e estressores ocupacionais, avaliados por meio da escala de Desequilíbrio Esforço-Recompensa (DER). O Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) mensurou os transtornos mentais comuns (TMC), variável desfecho. As medidas de interação foram verificadas com base no critério da aditividade, pelo cálculo do excesso de prevalência, excesso de razão de prevalência e diferença relativa. Resultados: participaram 3.343 trabalhadores, 77,9% do sexo feminino. A prevalência de TMC foi 21,7% maior entre mulheres, negros e pessoas em situações de exposição aos estressores laborais. Entre as mulheres negras em situação de DER, a prevalência de TMC foi três vezes maior em relação aos homens brancos em situação de equilíbrio (grupo de referência). Discussão: trabalhadoras negras acumulam desvantagens sociais e estão mais suscetíveis a ocupações de maior esforço e menor recompensa. A prevalência de TMC foi superior na intersecção das exposições. O efeito combinado dos fatores excedeu a soma dos efeitos isolados, demonstrando interação entre gênero, raça e estressores ocupacionais.

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Stressful work in primary health care and mental health: The role of gender inequities in Brazil

Cited by 5 publications

References 43 publications

Occupational stressors and mental illness in healthcare work: An intersection between gender, race, and class

Occupational stressors and mental illness in healthcare work: An intersection between gender, race, and class

Combined effects of gender, race, and occupational stressors on mental health

Efeitos combinados de gênero, raça e estressores ocupacionais na saúde mental

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