Stress sensitivity in paranoia: poor-me paranoia protects against the unpleasant effects of social stress

Udachina, Alisa; Bentall, Richard P.; Varese, Filippo; Rowse, Georgina

doi:10.1017/s0033291717001362

Cited by 12 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Using more items might have resulted in more variability. Self-esteem is considered as a diverse concept, involving both positive and negative self-esteem (Rosenberg, 1965; Udachina et al, 2017). Consistent with previous ESM studies, which focuses on achieving high reliability though assessing a high number of repeated measures (instead of a high number of items; Csikszentmihalyi & Larson, 1987), we measured the positive and a negative dimension of self-esteem (Palmier-Claus, Dunn, Morrison, Lewis, 2011; van der Steen et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-esteem and psychosis in daily life: An experience sampling study.

Daemen¹,

Amelsvoort²,

Investigators³

et al. 2022

Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science

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Evidence suggests that self-esteem is an important mechanism in pathways to psychosis. However, whether low or high self-esteem is associated with psychotic experiences remains unclear. Besides, a limited number of studies has investigated fluctuations in state self-esteem in psychotic patients. This study investigated cross-sectional and temporal associations of momentary self-esteem and fluctuations in self-esteem with psychotic symptoms in three groups with different levels of (familial) liability to psychotic disorder. Using the Experience Sampling Method (ESM), momentary self-esteem, fluctuations in self-esteem (i.e., variability and instability), and psychotic experiences, paranoia, negative symptoms (i.e., event anhedonia and social anhedonia), intensity of negative affect and altered affective experiences (instability and variability in negative affect) were assessed in 147 psychotic patients, 131 of their siblings and 113 controls. Lower levels of momentary self-esteem were associated with an increased intensity of psychotic experiences, paranoia and negative affect, with the magnitude of the associations

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-esteem and psychosis in daily life: An experience sampling study.

Daemen¹,

Amelsvoort²,

Investigators³

et al. 2022

Journal of Psychopathology and Clinical Science

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“…within the entire sample) (Curran & Bauer, 2011; Wang & Maxwell, 2015). As in previous ESM studies (Udachina, Bentall, Varese, & Rowse, 2017; Vaessen et al, 2018; Westermann et al, 2017), participants who completed <30% (i.e. 18 out of 60) of ESM observations were excluded from the analysis.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moment-to-moment dynamics between auditory verbal hallucinations and negative affect and the role of beliefs about voices

Chung

Tse

et al. 2020

Psychol. Med.

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Background Negative affect (NA) has been suggested to be both an antecedent and a consequence of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH). Furthermore, negative appraisals of voices have been theorized to contribute to the maintenance of AVH. Using the experience sampling method (ESM), this study examined the bi-directional relationship between NA and AVH, and the moderating effect of negative beliefs about voices. Methods Forty-seven patients diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders with frequent AVH completed a clinical interview, followed by ESM for 10 times a day over 6 days on an electronic device. Time-lagged analyses were conducted using multilevel regression modeling. Beliefs about voices were assessed at baseline. Results A total of 1654 data points were obtained. NA predicted an increase in AVH in the subsequent moment, and AVH predicted an increase in NA in the subsequent moment. Baseline beliefs about voices as malevolent and omnipotent significantly strengthened the association between NA and AVH within the same moment. In addition, the belief of omnipotence was associated with more hallucinatory experiences in the moment following NA. However, beliefs about voices were not associated directly with momentary levels of NA or AVH. Conclusions Experiences of NA and AVH drove each other, forming a feedback loop that maintained the voices. The associations between NA and AVH, either within the same moment or across moments, were exacerbated by negative beliefs about voices. Our results suggest that affect-improving interventions may stop the feedback loop and reduce AVH frequency.

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“…Perceptions of the self, have long been hypothesised to be one important feature in the development and maintenance of paranoid thinking. For example, early psychoanalytic theories conceptualised paranoia as serving a defensive function (Freud, 1911), which was expanded on more recently by Bentall and colleagues (Bentall, 1994; Bentall 2003; Udachina et al 2017). They proposed that individuals with paranoia make external, other-blaming causal attributions for negative events; thereby preserving self-esteem and deflecting feelings of low self-worth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interpersonal processes in paranoia: a systematic review

Meisel¹,

Ståhl

Valmaggia³

2018

Psychol. Med.

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Paranoid ideation is a core feature of psychosis, and models of paranoia have long proposed that it arises in the context of disturbances in the perception of the self. However, to develop targeted interventions, there is a benefit in clarifying further, which aspects of self-perception are implicated. Interpersonal sensitivity is a personality trait which has been associated with the risk of paranoid thinking in the general population. However, not all studies have found this link. We aimed to review the empirical literature assessing the association between interpersonal sensitivity and paranoia in both general population and clinical samples; and to explore if associations found differed depending on whether state or trait paranoia was assessed. The review followed PRISMA guidelines. Articles were identified through a literature search in OVID (PsychINFO, MEDLINE) and Web of Science up to December 2016. Fourteen studies with a total of 12 138 participants were included. All studies were of 'fair' or 'good' quality. A robust association was found between interpersonal sensitivity and paranoia in clinical and general population samples alike, regardless of the method of assessment of both paranoia and interpersonal sensitivity. Although this finding was more pronounced in studies of trait paranoia, it is likely that differences in study purpose, measurement, and power explain these differences. Findings from this review support the hypothesis that feelings of personal vulnerability and exaggerated socially evaluative concerns are central for both onset and maintenance of paranoid symptoms, suggesting avenues for future research in targeted interventions.

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Stress sensitivity in paranoia: poor-me paranoia protects against the unpleasant effects of social stress

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

Self-esteem and psychosis in daily life: An experience sampling study.

Self-esteem and psychosis in daily life: An experience sampling study.

Moment-to-moment dynamics between auditory verbal hallucinations and negative affect and the role of beliefs about voices

Interpersonal processes in paranoia: a systematic review

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