Stress rotations and the long-term weakness of the Median Tectonic Line and the Rokko-Awaji Segment

Famin, Vincent; Raimbourg, Hugues; García, Sebastián Gimeno; Bellahsen, Nicolas; Hamada, Yohei; Boullier, Anne-Marie; Fabbri, Olivier; Michon, Laurent; Uchide, Takahiko; Ricci, T.; Hirono, Tetsuro; Kawabata, Kuniyo

doi:10.1002/2014tc003600

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…This two-stage tectonic history of the Nojima fault is compatible with the regional structural analysis (Kanaori, 1990 ;Fabbri et al, 2004 ;Famin et al, 2014), which reveals a sinistral wrenching in the Paleogene (65 to 23 Ma), followed by fault-normal extension in the Miocene (23 to 6 Ma) and a dextral slip active since the Plio-Quaternary (≤ 2 Ma). In the present paper, we focus on deformation microstructures formed during the first period of seismic activity in a sample, which was in the 3.7 -11.1 km depth range as constrained by the laumontite stability field 5 before being exhumed and sampled at 220 m depth by the GSJ drillhole.…”

Section: Geological Settingsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…This could be interpreted as partially released elastic strain close to the free surface of the sample as suggested by Chen et al (2015), who obtain the same results for a deformed quartz grain in the San Andreas fault zone. However, as the studied NOJ220 thin section is horizontal, such lower ε ZZ component strain component could be also related to the strike-slip tectonic environment of the Nojima fault during the Paleocene (Famin et al, 2014) corresponding to a vertical minimum compressive stress at that 20 geological time. Supplementary X-ray microdiffraction studies on differently orientated thin sections are necessary to test these different interpretations.…”

Section: Elastic Strain and Residual Stressmentioning

confidence: 92%

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High stresses stored in fault zones: example of the Nojima fault (Japan)

Boullier¹,

Robach²,

Ildefonse³

et al. 2017

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Abstract. During the last decade pulverized rocks have been described on outcrops along large active faults and attributed to damage related to a propagating seismic rupture front. Questions remain on the maximal lateral distance from the fault plane and maximal depth for dynamic damage to be imprinted in rocks. In order to document these questions, a core sample of granodiorite located at 51.3 m from the Nojima fault (Japan) that was drilled after the Hyogo-ken Nanbu (Kobe) earthquake is studied by using Electron Back-Scattered Diffraction (EBSD) and high resolution X-ray Laue 15 microdiffraction. Although located outside of the Nojima damage fault zone and macroscopically undeformed, the sample shows pervasive microfractures and local fragmentation that are attributed to the first stage of seismic activity along the Nojima fault characterized by laumontite as the main sealing mineral. EBSD mapping was used in order to characterize the crystallographic orientation and deformation microstructures in the sample, and X-ray microdiffraction to measure elastic strain and residual stresses in a quartz grain. Both methods give consistent results on the crystallographic orientation and 20show small and short wave-length misorientations associated with laumontite-sealed microfractures and alignments of tiny fluid inclusions. Deformation microstructures in quartz are symptomatic of the semi-brittle faulting regime, in which low temperature brittle, plastic deformation and stress-driven dissolution-deposition processes occur conjointly.Residual stresses are calculated from elastic strain measured by X-ray Laue microdiffraction and stress peaks at 100 MPa (mean 141 MPa). Such stress values are comparable to the peak strength of a damaged granodiorite from the damage zone 25 of the Nojima fault indicating that, although apparently macroscopically undeformed, the sample is actually highly damaged. The homogeneously distributed microfracturing of quartz is the microscopically visible imprint of this damage and suggests that high stresses were stored in the whole sample and not only concentrated on some crystal defects. It is proposed that the high residual stresses are the sum of the stress fields associated with individual dislocations, dislocation microstructures and originated from the dynamic damage related to the propagation of rupture fronts or seismic waves 30 associated to M6 to M7 earthquakes during Paleocene on the Nojima fault at a 3.7 -11.1 km depth (laumontite stability domain) where confining pressure prevented pulverization. The high residual stresses and the deformation microstructures Solid Earth Discuss., https://doi

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Section: Geological Settingsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Elastic Strain and Residual Stressmentioning

confidence: 92%

High stresses stored in fault zones: example of the Nojima fault (Japan)

Boullier¹,

Robach²,

Ildefonse³

et al. 2017

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…The inversion procedure used by this program are described in detail in Delvaux and Sperner []. The inversion of fractures allows reconstructing a reduced tectonic stress tensor composed of four parameters, the three orthogonal directions of principal stresses and the stress ratio R = ( σ 2 − σ 3)/( σ 1 − σ 3) (for further details, see also Famin et al []). The horizontal maximum and minimum stress orientations (SH max and Sh min , respectively) and their 1 σ standard deviation are computed from the values and uncertainties of the four parameters of the reduced stress tensor using the method of Lund and Townend [].…”

Section: Structural Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Tertiary evolution of the Shimanto belt (Japan): A large‐scale collision in Early Miocene

et al. 2017

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To decipher the Miocene evolution of the Shimanto belt of southwestern Japan, structural and paleothermal studies were carried out in the western area of Shikoku Island. All units constituting the belt, both in its Cretaceous and Tertiary domains, are in average strongly dipping to the NW or SE, while shortening directions deduced from fault kinematics are consistently orientated NNW‐SSE. Peak paleotemperatures estimated with Raman spectra of organic matter increase strongly across the southern, Tertiary portion of the belt, in tandem with the development of a steeply dipping metamorphic cleavage. Near the southern tip of Ashizuri Peninsula, the unconformity between accreted strata and fore‐arc basin, present along the whole belt, corresponds to a large paleotemperature gap, supporting the occurrence of a major collision in Early Miocene. This tectonic event occurred before the magmatic event that affected the whole belt at ~15 Ma. The associated shortening was accommodated in two opposite modes, either localized on regional‐scale faults such as the Nobeoka Tectonic Line in Kyushu or distributed through the whole belt as in Shikoku. The reappraisal of this collision leads to reinterpret large‐scale seismic refraction profiles of the margins, where the unit underlying the modern accretionary prism is now attributed to an older package of deformed and accreted sedimentary units belonging to the Shimanto belt. When integrated into reconstructions of Philippine Sea Plate motion, the collision corresponds to the oblique collision of a paleo Izu‐Bonin‐Mariana Arc with Japan in Early Miocene.

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“…The high angle of σ1 to the trend of the SAF is interpreted as the result of stress rotations around a weak fault zone (Zoback et al, 1987). In similar fashion, the 80° angular difference between maximum horizontal stress and the trace of the Median Tectonic Line and the Rokko-Awaji segment in Japan is also interpreted to result from stress rotations proximal to a weak fault zone (Famin et al, 2014). The sub-perpendicular trend of σ1 axes to the trace of the EPGFZ could also indicate that this strike-slip fault is mechanically weak.…”

Section: Timing Of Paleostress States and Along-strike Variationmentioning

confidence: 82%

Polyphase tectonic history of the Southern Peninsula, Haiti: from folding-and-thrusting to transpressive strike-slip

et al. 2019

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The Southern Peninsula of Haiti is a seismically active east-west trending transpressive mountain range with elevations over 2 km. Present-day deformation is mainly partitioned along the left-lateral Enriquillo-Plantain Garden Fault Zone (EPGFZ) and associated oblique reverse faults and/or folds. The configuration of these faults, their respective timing, and the role of structural heritage on their development is poorly understood. To address these questions we present the results of extensive field campaigns, combined with satellite imagery interpretation and published data, which allows us to constrain the Cenozoic evolution of the Southern Peninsula. Our results show a polyphase tectonic history consisting of three major tectonic events: 1) Maastrichtian to early Paleocene crustal-scale folding that developed coevally with predominantly north to northeast dipping thrusts, resulting in uplift and erosion of the Cretaceous sedimentary cover in large parts of the Southern Peninsula. 2) Early Miocene uplift and erosion, which was strongest in the southwestern part of the peninsula and decreased eastwards, did not affect the Massif de la Selle. Uplift is most likely unrelated to strike-slip activity but resulted from folding in response to NE-SW shortening that possibly reactivated older, predominantly N-to NE-dipping thrusts. 3) Late Miocene to present-day deformation and uplift. Spatially distributed strike-slip started during the late Miocene and became progressively focused along the EPGFZ in the latest Miocene. Oblique and thrust faults locally postdate strike-slip activity from the Pliocene onward. Increase in compressional deformation from west to east is reflected by a change in structural style, with predominantly strike-slip faults in the west and transpressional faults in the east, the latter possibly rooted on the EPGFZ at depth. Paleo-stresses associated with a strikeslip regime are at a significantly high angle to the trace of the EPGFZ, indicating that the EPGFZ is a mechanically weak fault.

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Stress rotations and the long-term weakness of the Median Tectonic Line and the Rokko-Awaji Segment

Cited by 17 publications

References 96 publications

High stresses stored in fault zones: example of the Nojima fault (Japan)

High stresses stored in fault zones: example of the Nojima fault (Japan)

Tertiary evolution of the Shimanto belt (Japan): A large‐scale collision in Early Miocene

Polyphase tectonic history of the Southern Peninsula, Haiti: from folding-and-thrusting to transpressive strike-slip

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