Stress responses in three different anesthetic techniques for carbon dioxide laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy under spinal anesthesia

“…Following this pilot study, a prospective controlled randomized trial is under way in order to compare the two anesthetic options in laparoscopic cholecystectomy regarding postoperative pain, recovery, and stress response [1].…”

Dexmedetomidine Combined with General Anesthesia Provides Similar Intraoperative Stress Response Reduction When Compared with a Combined General and Epidural Anesthetic Technique

“…Some studies have demonstrated that the levels of catecholamines do not increase significantly among patients receiving general anesthesia combined with epidural anesthesia. 21,22 Li et al 22 reported that intraoperative epidural analgesia attenuated the plasma concentration of Cor during nephrectomy. The authors hypothesized that epidural blockade attenuates or inhibits surgical stress by preventing afferent neural stimuli from reaching the central nervous system and efferent activation of the sympathetic nervous system.…”

Comparative analysis of spinal versus general anesthesia for laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A controlled, prospective, randomized trial

“…Pain assessed throughout any time in the postoperative period during the patients’ hospital stay was significantly lesser in spinal group as compared to general anaesthesia group, which is due to residual analgesic effect of local anesthetic in subarachnoid space and decrease in discomfort due to avoidance of general anesthesia. [611] Pain relief, an important component for rapid and smooth recovery, was seen in spinal anesthesia group.…”