Stress responses in lambs docked and castrated surgically or by the application of rubber rings

Shutt, D. A.; Fell, L. R.; Connell, R; Bell, AK

doi:10.1111/j.1751-0813.1988.tb14920.x

Cited by 65 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In parallel to ACTH, endogenous b-endorphin may be released in the general circulation in response to pain. An increase in plasma concentration of b-endorphin was observed after snaring or painful orthopaedic surgery in horses (McCarthy et al, 1993;Roozen et al, 1995), tooth resection by grinding in piglets (Marchant-Forde et al, 2009) and after surgical mulesing (removal of strips of skin from the rump area) in sheep (Shutt et al, 1987). In contrast, horses with painful chronic lameness had plasma concentrations of b-endorphin similar to those of normal horses (McCarthy et al, 1993).…”

Section: Physiological Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying and monitoring pain in farm animals: a review

Prunier

Mounier

Neindre³

et al. 2013

Animal

103

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One important objective for animal welfare is to maintain animals free from pain, injury or disease. Therefore, detecting and evaluating the intensity of animal pain is crucial. As animals cannot directly communicate their feelings, it is necessary to identify sensitive and specific indicators that can be easily used. The aim of the present paper is to review relevant indicators to assess pain in several farm species. The term pain is used for mammals, birds and fish, even though the abilities of the various species to experience the emotional component of pain may be different. Numerous behavioural changes are associated with pain and many of them could be used on farms to assess the degree of pain being experienced by an animal. Pain, as a stressor, is associated with variations in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis as well as in the sympathetic and immune systems that can be used to identify the presence of pain rapidly after it started. However, most of these measures need sophisticated equipment for their assessment. Therefore, they are mainly adapted to experimental situations. Injuries and other lesional indicators give information on the sources of pain and are convenient to use in all types of situations. Histopathological analyses can identify sources of pain in experimental studies. When pronounced and/or long lasting, the pain-induced behavioural and physiological changes can decrease production performance. Some indicators are very specific and sensitive to pain, whereas others are more generally related to stressful situations. The latter can be used to indicate that animals are suffering from something, which may be pain. Overall, this literature review shows that several indicators exist to assess pain in mammals, a few in birds and very few in fish. Even if in some cases, a single indicator, usually a behavioural indicator, may be sufficient to detect pain, combining various types of indicators increases sensitivity and specificity of pain assessment. Research is needed to build and validate new indicators and to develop systems of pain assessment adapted to each type of situation and each species.

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Section: Physiological Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying and monitoring pain in farm animals: a review

Prunier

Mounier

Neindre³

et al. 2013

Animal

103

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“…The measuring of cortisol has been used in animals to estimate the effects of different painful procedures such as abdominal surgery (Pearson and Mellor 1975), electroimmobilisation (Jephcott et al 1986(Jephcott et al , 1987 and castration (Mellor and Murray 1989a,b). Samples of blood are usually collected from the jugular vein and for estimation of cortisol levels radioimmunoassays (RIA) are common (Shutt et al 1988;Mellor and Murray 1989b;Graham et al 1997). Plasma cortisol levels in groups of animals undergoing painful stimulation are compared with control groups of animals which are without pain, and just handled.…”

Section: Physiological Responses To Painmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pain in domestic animals and how to assess it: a review

Landa¹

2012

Vet. Med.

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ABSTRACT:In recent years more attention has been paid to the issue of pain in animals, particularly in association with increasing awareness of animal welfare. It is therefore necessary for veterinarians to be able recognise unambiguously whether an animal suffers from pain. Adult humans suffering from pain can more or less characterise their painful experiences, including the site and intensity of the pain. However, pain in animals is in some aspects more complex and it can be rather difficult to evaluate the seriousness and impact of painful events. Therefore, in animals we have to recognise the signs of pain according to indirect markers which involve behavioural, physiological and finally clinical responses. Moreover, in particular the behavioural changes associated with pain can be along with the general signs also species-specific, and hardly recognisable (and for an inexperienced observer seemingly unimportant) which makes pain assessment even more complicated. Therefore, the current review formulates definitions of pain, its classification and is focused on methods that may facilitate pain recognition in animals, which is crucial for an effective pain assessment and consequent effective pain management. The review combines recent knowledge with well proven facts concerning pain and furthermore also highlights the author's own research on pain assessment.

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“…O nível sérico de cortisol é amplamente reconhecido como um marcador geral de estresse, e tem sido largamente utilizado para identificar o bem estar de animais de fazenda durante procedimentos agropecuários (Fulkerson et al 1982, Shutt et al 1988, Hargreaves & Hutson 1990, Graham et al 1997, Sutherland et al 2000.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Avaliação dos parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, hemogasométricos e da concentração plasmática de cortisol em bovinos submetidos à imobilização eletromagnética

Rosa¹,

Moraes²,

Beier³

et al. 2009

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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As formas de imobilização em bovinos mais utilizadas levam a uma manipulação excessiva e consequentemente estressante para o animal. A dor é uma experiência emocional de sensação desagradável que vem associada a um prejuízo tecidual. Surge no mercado um método de contenção física para bovinos que propõe a utilização de um aparelho que funciona com ondas eletromagnéticas de baixa intensidade promovendo imobilização sem estresse e ou estímulo doloroso para o animal. O objetivo deste projeto foi avaliar os parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios e hemogasométricos bem como os níveis de cortisol de bovinos submetidos à imobilização eletromagnética, a fim de observar se tal método é eficaz na diminuição do estresse e/ou estímulo doloroso. Foram utilizados 6 bovinos, mestiços, peso médio de 300,3 kg (±85,76). Os animais foram alocados aleatoriamente em dois grupos (controle dele mesmo): grupo controle (GC), introdução da sonda via retal (desligada); grupo Imobilizador (GI) introdução da sonda e permanência desta ligada por 5 minutos. Análise estatística utilizou o Teste T pareado entre os grupos (P<0,05) e a avaliação entre tempos dentro de cada grupo análise de variância de uma única via com repetições múltiplas (ANOVA - RM). Momentos avaliados M0: basal; M1: imediatamente após a retirada da sonda; M2 e M3 (30 e 60 minutos após M1 respectivamente). Houve um aumento significativo nas variáveis: frequências cardíaca e respiratória em (M1), na Pressão arterial média (M1, M2, M3) e níveis de cortisol nos momentos M1 e M2 no grupo imobilizador quando comparado ao grupo controle. Com relação à resposta ao estímulo, o GI teve resposta negativa no momento da estimulação, comparado ao GC (resposta máxima). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, podemos concluir que o imobilizador eletromagnético é um método, exclusivamente, de contenção física, não oferecendo nenhum suporte anestésico, para o conforto ou bem estar ao animal.

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Stress responses in lambs docked and castrated surgically or by the application of rubber rings

Cited by 65 publications

References 13 publications

Identifying and monitoring pain in farm animals: a review

Identifying and monitoring pain in farm animals: a review

Pain in domestic animals and how to assess it: a review

Avaliação dos parâmetros cardiorrespiratórios, hemogasométricos e da concentração plasmática de cortisol em bovinos submetidos à imobilização eletromagnética

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