Stress relieving and its effect on life of welded tubular joints

Paradowska, Anna; Price, John W H; Kerezsi, Brian B; Dayawansa, Peduru Hewa; Zhao, Xiao Ling

doi:10.1016/j.engfailanal.2009.06.016

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…Although neutron powder diffraction data were only recorded to demonstrate a neutron diffraction inert cryoprotectant, the collected data of hydrogenated L-(-)-ephedrine hemihydrate could be solved and refined directly without an X-ray model. However, most applications of neutron powder diffraction are carried out to follow changes in the crystal structure [78], e.g., when atoms and molecules are absorbed [79,80] or the crystal structure changes due to strain [81,82]. Neutron powder data retain the advantage of the strong scattering by particular nuclei, especially deuterium and of course does not suffer from the sporadic availability of the very large single crystals needed for single crystal neutron work.…”

Section: Neutron Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray and Neutron Diffraction in the Study of Organic Crystalline Hydrates

Fucke

Steed

2010

Water

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A review. Diffraction methods are a powerful tool to investigate the crystal structure of organic compounds in general and their hydrates in particular. The laboratory standard technique of single crystal X-ray diffraction gives information about the molecular conformation, packing and hydrogen bonding in the crystal structure, while powder X-ray diffraction on bulk material can trace hydration/dehydration processes and phase transitions under non-ambient conditions. Neutron diffraction is a valuable complementary technique to X-ray diffraction and gives highly accurate hydrogen atom positions due to the interaction of the radiation with the atomic nuclei.Although not yet often applied to organic hydrates, neutron single crystal and neutron powder diffraction give precise structural data on hydrogen bonding networks which will help explain why hydrates form in the first place.

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Section: Neutron Diffractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

X-ray and Neutron Diffraction in the Study of Organic Crystalline Hydrates

Fucke

Steed

2010

Water

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“…Application of this procedure to welded joints, which is known as Post-Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT), is a very commonly accepted method of residual stress relief and has been shown to be effective for this purpose under a wide range of circumstances [77,78,79,80,81]. Primarily, the reduction in yield strength at high temperature causes the material to yield locally under its own internal stresses, however it is also believed that in many cases additional deformation can be caused by creep and recrystallisation [82,83,84].…”

Section: Conventional Thermal Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Contemporary approaches to reducing weld induced residual stress

Coules

2013

Materials Science and Technology

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General rightsThis document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. AbstractSelf-equilibrating residual stresses may occur in materials in the absence of external loading due to internal strain inhomogeneity. While favourable distributions of residual stress can bestow an object with the appearance of superior material properties, most welding processes leave behind residual stresses in particularly unfavourable patterns, causing a greater susceptibility to fracture-based failure mechanisms and unintended deformation. Currently, heat treatment is the primary means of removing these stresses, but since the formation of residual stress is dependent upon many material and process factors, there are several other viable mechanisms (using thermal, mechanical or phase transformation effects) by which it may be modified. It is only now, using relevant advances in numerical and experimental methods, that these techniques are being fully explored. This article gives a brief introduction to weld-induced residual stresses and reviews the current state-of-the-art with regard to their reduction. Emphasis is placed on the recent development of unconventional techniques, and the mechanisms by which they act.

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“…While volumetric testing using ultrasonics is applied to chord-to-chord butt welds, this procedure is not used on joint welds [6]. There is also no Post Weld Heat Treatment (PWHT) conducted on the joint welds for reducing any weld induced residual stresses, which if performed, has been suggested to improve the fatigue life substantially [7]. With such a poor quality control of welds and usually no effective mechanisms in place to reduce the effect of weld induced residual stresses in dragline joints, cracks start appearing on the main chords within the first five years of their life [3,4,8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%