Stress relaxation of nitrile rubber composites filled with a hybrid metakaolin/carbon black filler under tensile and compressive forces

Rocha, Elisson Brum Dutra da; Linhares, Felipe N.; Gabriel, Cléverson Fernandes Senra; Sousa, Atos Alves de; Furtado, Cristina R. G.

doi:10.1016/j.clay.2017.10.008

Cited by 46 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, the Mullins effect of the unfilled rubber system was weaker than that of the filled rubber system [11,12]. Other similar researches about the Mullins effect had been conducted, for example, the rubber matrix (nitrile rubber [13], ethylene propylene diene rubber [14], natural rubber [15], and styrene butadiene rubber [16]) with carbon black [17], silica [18], and other fillers [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Mullins Effect in Natural Rubber Reinforced by Grafted Carbon Black

Wang

Huang

et al. 2019

Advances in Polymer Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The obvious polarity difference between the carbon black (CB) and the natural rubber (NR) causes the CB hard to be dispersed in the NR matrix when the addition amount is large. In this paper, polyethylene glycol (PEG) was grafted onto the surface of CB by the liquid phase. The grafted carbon black (GCB) was prepared and applied to reinforce NR. The main physical and mechanical properties of NR were improved because of the better compatibility between GCB and NR. The Mullins effect of the vulcanizate was calculated by the cyclic stress-strain experiment. The results showed that the Mullins effect both existed in the virgin NR system and filled NR system. The degree of Mullins effect was increased with the increase of the filler addition, but that was different for CB and GCB. When the filler addition was below 20 phr, the Mullins effect of NR/GCB was stronger than that of NR/CB. However, when the filler addition was over 30 phr, the Mullins effect of NR/CB was stronger than that of NR/GCB. The Mullins effect was affected by the heat treatment temperature and time. The mechanisms of the Mullins effect were analyzed.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Mullins Effect in Natural Rubber Reinforced by Grafted Carbon Black

Wang

Huang

et al. 2019

Advances in Polymer Technology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Then, the relaxation of the rubber chains and fillers can be presented. If the changes that occur are generally chemical reactions, the effects tend to be long-term and irreversible [ 31 , 32 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of Nano- and Microcalcium Carbonate in Uncrosslinked Natural Rubber Composites: New Results of Structure–Properties Relationship

et al. 2020

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is one of the most important inorganic powders and is widely used as filler in order to reduce costs in the rubber industry. Nanocalcium carbonate reduces costs and acts as a semireinforcing filler that improves the mechanical properties of rubber composites. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of nano-CaCO3 (NCC) and micro-CaCO3 (MCC) on the properties of natural rubber composites, in particular, new results of structure–properties relationship. The effects of NCC/MCC on the properties of rubber composites, such as Mooney viscosity, bound rubber, Mullins effect, and Payne effect, were investigated. The result of the Mullins effect of rubber composites filled with NCC was in good agreement with the results of Mooney viscosity and bound rubber, with higher Mooney viscosity and bound rubber leading to higher stress to pull the rubber composites. The Payne effect showed that the value of different storage moduli (ΔG’) of rubber composites filled with 25 parts per hundred rubber (phr) NCC was the lowest due to weaker filler network, while the rubber supplemented with 100 phr NCC had more significant ΔG’ values with increase in strain. The results of rubber composites filled with MCC showed the same tendency as those of rubber composites filled with NCC. However, the effect of specific surface area of NCC on the properties of rubber composites was more pronounced than those of rubber composites filled with MCC. Finite element analysis of the mechanical property of rubber composites was in good agreement with the result from the experiment. The master curves of time–temperature superposition presented lower free volume in the composites for higher loading of filler, which would require more relaxation time of rubber molecules. This type of nanocalcium carbonate material can be applied to tailor the properties and processability of rubber products.

show abstract

“…In this case, in order to combine a fixture and a passive damping system the use of a nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) layer is proposed. This sort of elastomers is one of the most employed seal component in the oil and gas industry [29], and the proposed development benefitted from these outstanding sealing properties [30,31] to transform a flexible layer into a suitable vacuum table. Hence, these solutions enable milling in aggressive environments, with capacity to clamp different geometries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Elastomer Layers in the Quality of Aluminum Parts on Finishing Operations

Rubio-Mateos

Rivero

Ukar

et al. 2020

Metals

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In finishing processes, the quality of aluminum parts is mostly influenced by static and dynamic phenomena. Different solutions have been studied toward a stable milling process attainment. However, the improvements obtained with the tuning of process parameters are limited by the system stiffness and external dampers devices interfere with the machining process. To deal with this challenge, this work analyzes the suitability of elastomer layers as passive damping elements directly located under the part to be machined. Thus, exploiting the sealing properties of nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR), a suitable flexible vacuum fixture is developed, enabling a proper implementation in the manufacturing process. Two different compounds are characterized under axial compression and under finishing operations. The compression tests present the effect of the feed rate and the strain accumulative effect in the fixture compressive behavior. Despite the higher strain variability of the softer rubber, different milling process parameters, such as the tool feed rate, can lead to a similar compressive behavior of the fixture regardless the elastomer hardness. On the other hand, the characterization of these flexible fixtures is completed over AA2024 floor milling of rigid parts and compared with the use of a rigid part clamping. These results show that, as the cutting speed and the feed rate increases, due to the strain evolution of the rubber, the part quality obtained tend to equalize between the flexible and the rigid clamping of the workpiece. Due to the versatility of the NBR for clamping different part geometries without new fixture redesigns, this leads to a competitive advantage of these flexible solutions against the classic rigid vacuum fixtures. Finally, a model to predict the grooving forces with a bull-nose end mill regardless of the stiffness of the part support is proposed and validated for the working range.

show abstract

Stress relaxation of nitrile rubber composites filled with a hybrid metakaolin/carbon black filler under tensile and compressive forces

Cited by 46 publications

References 24 publications

Mechanical Properties and Mullins Effect in Natural Rubber Reinforced by Grafted Carbon Black

Mechanical Properties and Mullins Effect in Natural Rubber Reinforced by Grafted Carbon Black

Performance of Nano- and Microcalcium Carbonate in Uncrosslinked Natural Rubber Composites: New Results of Structure–Properties Relationship

Influence of Elastomer Layers in the Quality of Aluminum Parts on Finishing Operations

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About