Stress relaxation and energy requirements in compaction of unconsolidated materials

Mohsenin, N. N.; Zaske, J.

doi:10.1016/0021-8634(76)90074-3

Cited by 51 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Water helps develop van der Waals' forces by increasing the area of contact between particles (Grover and Mishra, 1996). Water aids briquetting when water-soluble compounds are present in the feed such as starch, sugar, soda ash, sodium phosphate, potassium salt, and calcium chloride (Mohsenin and Zaske, 1976). Several studies showed that strength and durability of the densified products increased with increasing moisture content until an optimum is reached.…”

Section: Block Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of kinnow mandarin (Citrus Nobilis Lour x Citrus Deliciosa Tenora) waste and paddy straw based complete feed blocks and its utilization by goats

Chaudhary

Rastogi

Sharma

et al. 2015

IJAR

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Study was conducted to formulate the paddy straw based complete feed blocks containing kinnow-mandarin waste (KMW) in a manual densification machine and to evaluate its effect on the nutrient intake and digestibility of goats. Block was formulated utilizing paddy straw, KMW, wheat flour, molasses, wheat bran, urea, mineral mixture, common salt and water. Bulk density of prepared blocks was 0.21 g/cm 3 whereas durability was 17.36%. An in vivo feeding trial was conducted for 30 days duration along with a digestibility trial during last week of feeding trial. Twelve local adult male goats were randomly allotted as per randomized block design to two equal groups designated Control and Treatment. All the animals were kept on complete feed feeding regimen with either conventional concentrate mixture with paddy straw in 40:60 proportion or KMW-Paddy straw based feed block on ad libitum basis. Feed intake and nutrient digestibility was similar (P>0.05) in experimental animals, irrespective of the dietary treatment. The cost of feed for treatment group was about 12 per cent lower over the cost of conventional complete feed. It may be concluded that KMW may be utilized as a part of paddy straw based complete feed without affecting nutrient intake and digestibility. However, the binding and durability of blocks achieved in the present study was not satisfactory and this formulation therefore is not recommended to be densified in a manual block making machine.

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Section: Block Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formulation of kinnow mandarin (Citrus Nobilis Lour x Citrus Deliciosa Tenora) waste and paddy straw based complete feed blocks and its utilization by goats

Chaudhary

Rastogi

Sharma

et al. 2015

IJAR

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“…For densified biofuels, stress relaxation behavior plays an important role in their production and quality. For example, Mohsenin and Zaske (1976) first pointed out the application of stress relaxation in a practical design problem of piston displacement and hold time affecting the quality of densified biomass materials. Based on the stress relaxation characteristics of biomass materials, Wang (2007) proposed optimum densification frequencies to achieve high‐productivity and low‐energy production of densified biofuels.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Description of Wheat Straw Relaxation Behavior Based on a Fractional‐Order Constitutive Model

Chen

Liao

et al. 2013

Agronomy Journal

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Stress relaxation behavior is an important mechanical property of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) straw densifi ed biofuel. In this study, 21 cultivars of wheat straw were collected and their lignocellulose components (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin) were analyzed. Th e cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents in these wheat straws ranged from 39.46 to 47.56%, from 30.39 to 35.98%, and from 5.54 to 12.12%, respectively. Stress relaxation tests of wheat straw were performed on an Instron testing machine. It was found that the wheat straw stress relaxation data had a two-stage characteristic, in which >80% of the total relaxed stress was rapidly released in the initial 10 s, and the stress relaxation was subsequently dominated by a slow stage until an equilibrium stress was reached. Four constitutive models including the Peleg model, the generalized Maxwell model, the Zener model, and the fractional Zener model were proposed to describe this stress relaxation behavior. Th e results showed that the fractional Zener model gave the best predictions of the wheat straw stress relaxation behavior, followed by the generalized Maxwell model, the Peleg model, and the Zener model. Th e relationship between stress relaxation behavior and wheat straw lignocellulose components was also further investigated. Th e fractional derivative coeffi cient decreased and increased with the increase of cellulose and hemicellulose + lignin contents, respectively. We suggest that the elasticity and viscosity of the wheat straw stress relaxation behavior is closely related with its lignocellulose components.

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“…It is recognized that fibre can be either water soluble or insoluble. Mohsenin and Zaske (1976) showed that increase hold time in a wafering system caused further stress decay of the material and, as a result, a stronger wafer. Viscous materials may surround the larger particles in the diet creating a sort of coating action that causes everything to stick together, and thus the result is a more durable pellet.…”

Section: Fibrementioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of feed formulation on feed manufacturing and pellet quality characteristics of poultry diets

Loar

Corzo

2011

World's Poultry Science Journal

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There is a wide array of factors, of which feed formulation is one, that can drastically affect both the quality of the feed produced as well as the parameters associated with the production of the feed in the mill. It has long been the practice in commercial broiler production to pellet the feed. It has been accepted at this point that feeding a diet with high quality pellets leads to better performance compared to the same diet with low quality pellets or in mash form. On the other hand, producing a high quality pellet is not the typical result in a large feed mill. In large mills, great quantities of feed must be produced in a short time frame and this is usually accomplished by running the mill at a high production rate and pelleting the diet through a relatively thin die. This usually results in decreased conditioning time and contact with the die for the diet, and consequently a lower quality pellet results, mainly because these are the two primary locations for the physiochemical reactions such as starch gelatinisation and protein denaturation that cause pellet binding. In this review we will discuss research pertaining to the use of different grains, by-products, minerals, pellet binders and most notably feedstuff constituents and their effects on both physical pellet quality as well as feed manufacturing variables such as energy usage and production rate when the data is available. The main focus will be given to research performed within the last decade. However, we have placed no restrictions on the research referenced based on publication date as there is always quality research with pertinent findings that have stood the test of time.

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Stress relaxation and energy requirements in compaction of unconsolidated materials

Cited by 51 publications

References 5 publications

Formulation of kinnow mandarin (Citrus Nobilis Lour x Citrus Deliciosa Tenora) waste and paddy straw based complete feed blocks and its utilization by goats

Formulation of kinnow mandarin (Citrus Nobilis Lour x Citrus Deliciosa Tenora) waste and paddy straw based complete feed blocks and its utilization by goats

Description of Wheat Straw Relaxation Behavior Based on a Fractional‐Order Constitutive Model

Effects of feed formulation on feed manufacturing and pellet quality characteristics of poultry diets

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