Formulation of kinnow mandarin (Citrus Nobilis Lour x Citrus Deliciosa Tenora) waste and paddy straw based complete feed blocks and its utilization by goats

Abstract

Study was conducted to formulate the paddy straw based complete feed blocks containing kinnow-mandarin waste (KMW) in a manual densification machine and to evaluate its effect on the nutrient intake and digestibility of goats. Block was formulated utilizing paddy straw, KMW, wheat flour, molasses, wheat bran, urea, mineral mixture, common salt and water. Bulk density of prepared blocks was 0.21 g/cm 3 whereas durability was 17.36%. An in vivo feeding trial was conducted for 30 days duration along with a digestibility trial during last week of feeding trial. Twelve local adult male goats were randomly allotted as per randomized block design to two equal groups designated Control and Treatment. All the animals were kept on complete feed feeding regimen with either conventional concentrate mixture with paddy straw in 40:60 proportion or KMW-Paddy straw based feed block on ad libitum basis. Feed intake and nutrient digestibility was similar (P>0.05) in experimental animals, irrespective of the dietary treatment. The cost of feed for treatment group was about 12 per cent lower over the cost of conventional complete feed. It may be concluded that KMW may be utilized as a part of paddy straw based complete feed without affecting nutrient intake and digestibility. However, the binding and durability of blocks achieved in the present study was not satisfactory and this formulation therefore is not recommended to be densified in a manual block making machine.

Effect of Feeding Solid Multi-Nutrient Blocks on Feed Intake, Nutrient Utilization and Haemato-Biochemical Profile of Crossbred Calves

“…Thus, similar DMI among the groups was in the expected line. Our findings corroborated well with those available in literature (Chaudhary et al 2017). Most notable effect of SMB supplementation that was observed in this experiment was on intake of N, as intake of CP was higher (p<0.05) in both T 2 , T 3 and T 4 than control.…”

Effect of dietary incorporation of walnut cake (Juglans regia) on calcium - phosphorus balance and blood biochemical parameters in goats

“…Shortages are aggravated further by direct competition for food resources shared between livestock and the human population (MALLA et al, 2015). An alternative to this situation has been found in identifying, characterizing and promoting utilization of unconventional feedstuffs (FAROOQ et al, 2015).Unconventional feedstuffs reduce livestock dependency on conventional feedstuffs, thereby sparing them for alternate use, while concurrently reducing feed costs (MALLA et al, 2015;CHAUDHARY et al, 2017).…”

Evaluation of the Physical Characteristics of Complete Feed Blocks Containing Different Binders

“…During densification process, due to the application of high pressures and temperatures, solid bridges may be developed by diffusion of molecules from one particle to another at the points of contact. In this study, low durability (%) of the CFBs might be due to the poor development of solid bridges between the feed particles as temperature rise during densification was negligible (Chaudhary et al, 2017) or may be due to the inadequate pressure created by the feed block making machine (Saleem et al, 2003).Similarly, higher durability was also recorded by Yasir et al (2008) with paddy straw, maize stover and oats straw based CFB M-6 -Molasses @ 6%; M-8-Molasses @8%; M-10-Molasses @ 10% ; GM-6-Guar meal@ 6%. GM-8-Guar meal@ 8%; GM-10-Guar meal@ 10%.…”

“…The durability of the paddy straw based complete feed blocks containing kinnow-mandarin waste as reported by Chaudhary et al (2017) was 17.36%.…”