Stress proteins are not induced in mammalian cells exposed to radiofrequency or microwave radiation

Cleary, Stephen F.; Cao, Guanghui; Liu, Li Ming; Egle, Patsy M.; Shelton, Keith R.

doi:10.1002/(sici)1521-186x(1997)18:7<499::aid-bem5>3.0.co;2-y

Cited by 45 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Twenty-four hours after exposure, however, there appeared to be no alteration in the amount of Hsp70 protein in these brain areas (detected by immunocytochemical analysis) indicating that the effect was short-lived and not significant. Microwave or RF radiation had no detectable effect on the levels of stress proteins within HeLa and CHO cells following a 2 h exposure to 27 MHz or 2450 MHz continuous wave radiation (Cleary et al, 1997). Our result is also in agreement with the theory proposed by Laurence et al (2000); that low power, pulsed RF fields (much like that used for this project) are insufficient to induce a heat shock response.…”

Section: Rf Fields Did Not Induce a Heat Shock Response In Sk-n-sh Cellssupporting

confidence: 91%

An in vitro study of the effects of exposure to a GSM signal in two human cell lines: Monocytic U937 and neuroblastoma SK-N-SH

Gurisik

Warton

Martin

et al. 2006

Cell Biology International

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The use of mobile phones is increasing, which also increases the population's exposure to global system of mobile communications (GSM) signals. Questions of safety and possible biological effects are of concern and to date, remain largely unanswered. In order to examine possible biological effects of a GSM-like signal at a cellular level, we exposed two human cell lines (one of neuronal (SK-N-SH) and the other of monocytoid (U937) origin) to a 900 MHz RF signal, pulsed at 217 Hz, producing a specific absorption rate (SAR) of 0.2 W/kg. Putative effects were assessed by comparing radiofrequency-exposed cells to sham-exposed cells using a variety of assay techniques. For the cell line SK-N-SH, effects were specifically assessed by gene microarray, followed by real-time PCR of the genes of interest, Western blot analysis was used to measure heat shock protein levels, and flow cytometry to measure cell cycle distributions and apoptosis. Effects of radiofrequency on the cell line U937 were assessed by cell viability and cell cycle analysis. From our study of these two cell lines, we found no significant difference between sham-exposed versus radiofrequency-exposed cells in any of the assays or conditions examined.

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Section: Rf Fields Did Not Induce a Heat Shock Response In Sk-n-sh Cellssupporting

confidence: 91%

An in vitro study of the effects of exposure to a GSM signal in two human cell lines: Monocytic U937 and neuroblastoma SK-N-SH

Gurisik

Warton

Martin

et al. 2006

Cell Biology International

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“…Tian et al [2002], found an increase of Hsp70 at very high SARs in MO54 cells exposed to 2.45 GHz fields, but no effect in SARs considered safe for daily exposures (<5 W/kg). Even at similarly high SARs (25 or 100 W/kg), Cleary et al [1997] did not see Hsp70 production in CHO or HeLa cells 24 h following exposure to 27 or 2450 MHz radiation. Fritze et al [1997] found a small increase in HSP70 mRNA following a 4 h exposure to $900 MHz GSM signal at 7.5 W/kg SAR, but not at lower SARs.…”

Section: Mechanisms: Heat Shock Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 81%

The influence of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on cytoprotection and repair

Robertson

Thomas

Bureau

et al. 2006

Bioelectromagnetics

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Ischemia-reperfusion injuries, such as those suffered from various types of cardiovascular disease, are major causes of death and disability. For relatively short periods of ischemia, much of the damage is potentially reversible and in fact, does not occur until the influx of oxygen during the reperfusion stage. Because of this, there is a window of opportunity to protect the ischemic tissue. Here, we review several mechanisms of protection, such as heat shock proteins, opioids, collateral blood flow, and nitric oxide induction, and the evidence indicating that magnetic fields may be used as a means of providing protection via each of these mechanisms. While there are few studies demonstrating direct protection with magnetic field therapies, there are a number of published reports indicating that electromagnetic fields may be able to influence some of the biochemical systems with protective applications.

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“…In the literature, reports of RF effects on heat-shock protein (HSP) expression are divided fairly evenly between those that find no detectable effect [e.g. Cleary et al, 1997;Laszlo et al, 2005;Lim et al, 2005;Lantow et al, 2006;Chauhan et al, 2006a, b], except at high SARs where thermal effects are clearly implicated , and those where one or more HSPs appear to be induced [e.g. Kwee et al, 2001;Shallom et al, 2002;Leszczynski et al, 2002;Weisbrot et al, 2003;reviewed Belyaev, 2005].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Continuous wave and simulated GSM exposure at 1.8 W/kg and 1.8 GHz do not induce hsp16‐1 heat‐shock gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans

Dawe¹,

Nylund²,

Leszczyński³

et al. 2007

Bioelectromagnetics

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Recent data suggest that there might be a subtle thermal explanation for the apparent induction by radiofrequency (RF) radiation of transgene expression from a small heat‐shock protein (hsp16‐1) promoter in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans. The RF fields used in the C. elegans study were much weaker (SAR 5–40 mW kg−1) than those routinely tested in many other published studies (SAR ∼2 W kg−1). To resolve this disparity, we have exposed the same transgenic hsp16‐1::lacZ strain of C. elegans (PC72) to higher intensity RF fields (1.8 GHz; SAR ∼1.8 W kg−1). For both continuous wave (CW) and Talk‐pulsed RF exposures (2.5 h at 25 °C), there was no indication that RF exposure could induce reporter expression above sham control levels. Thus, at much higher induced RF field strength (close to the maximum permitted exposure from a mobile telephone handset), this particular nematode heat‐shock gene is not up‐regulated. However, under conditions where background reporter expression was moderately elevated in the sham controls (perhaps as a result of some unknown co‐stressor), we found some evidence that reporter expression may be reduced by ∼15% following exposure to either Talk‐pulsed or CW RF fields. Bioelectromagnetics 29:92–99, 2008. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Stress proteins are not induced in mammalian cells exposed to radiofrequency or microwave radiation

Cited by 45 publications

References 26 publications

An in vitro study of the effects of exposure to a GSM signal in two human cell lines: Monocytic U937 and neuroblastoma SK-N-SH

An in vitro study of the effects of exposure to a GSM signal in two human cell lines: Monocytic U937 and neuroblastoma SK-N-SH

The influence of extremely low frequency magnetic fields on cytoprotection and repair

Continuous wave and simulated GSM exposure at 1.8 W/kg and 1.8 GHz do not induce hsp16‐1 heat‐shock gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans

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