Stress Levels, Mortality, Intestinal Morphometry and Histomorphology of Chabro Broiler Birds Subjected to Varying Degrees of Post Hatch Delay in Feeding

Shakeel, Irfan; Khan, Azmat Alam; Qureshi, Sabia; Adil, S.; Wani, Basharat Maqbool; Din, Mir Mehraj; Amin, Umer

doi:10.3923/pjbs.2016.331.337

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Until parental food is supplied, residual yolk found in the abdominal cavity (20% of hatchling weight in poultry, Sklan and Noy, 2000 ) is the only nutrient source for hatchlings. This lipid-rich residual yolk (e.g., Toledo et al, 2016 for yolk composition in great tits) comprises a substantial source of nutrients for several days after hatching ( Panda et al, 2015 ) and could select for bacteria taxa involved in lipid metabolism in the early stages of nestling ontogeny.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Gut Microbiota Diversity During the Early Development of an Avian Host: Evidence From a Cross-Foster Experiment

et al. 2018

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Despite the increasing knowledge on the processes involved in the acquisition and development of the gut microbiota in model organisms, the factors influencing early microbiota successions in natural populations remain poorly understood. In particular, little is known on the role of the rearing environment in the establishment of the gut microbiota in wild birds. Here, we examined the influence of the nesting environment on the gut microbiota of Great tits (Parus major) by performing a partial cross-fostering experiment during the intermediate stage of nestling development. We found that the cloacal microbiota of great tit nestlings underwent substantial changes between 8 and 15 days of age, with a strong decrease in diversity, an increase in the relative abundance of Firmicutes and a shift in the functional features of the community. Second, the nesting environment significantly influenced community composition, with a divergence among separated true siblings and a convergence among foster siblings. Third, larger shifts in both microbiota diversity and composition correlated with lower nestling body condition. Our results shed new light on the dynamics of microbial diversity during the ontogeny of avian hosts, indicating that the nest environment continues to shape the gut microbiota during the later stages of nestling development and that the increase in gut diversity between hatching and adulthood may not be as linear as previously suspected. Lastly, the microbiota changes incurred during this period may have implications for nestling body condition which can lead to long-term consequences for host fitness.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Gut Microbiota Diversity During the Early Development of an Avian Host: Evidence From a Cross-Foster Experiment

et al. 2018

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“…After hatching, the chicks can be exposed to various factors such as temperature variations, confinement, and movement or vibrations during transportation without access to water and feed for up to 3 d. This postnatal environment can influence the behavior of adult broilers [2], their performance (i.e. body weight, feed conversion ratio, Pectoralis major muscle weight) [3, 4], their susceptibility to diseases that could lead to death [5], which impacts animal welfare with economic and social issues to be considered for the sustainability of poultry rearing industry. Therefore, the early detection of persisting responses to stressful events has become a major challenge for appropriate animal health and welfare management.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A multiplatform metabolomic approach to characterize fecal signatures of negative postnatal events in chicks: a pilot study

Beauclercq

Lefèvre

Montigny

et al. 2019

J Animal Sci Biotechnol

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Background Negative experiences in early life can induce long-lasting effects on the welfare, health, and performance of farm animals. A delayed placement of chicks in rearing houses has negative effects on their performance, and results in fecal-specific odors detectable by rats. Based on this observation, the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and metabolites from the feces of 12-day-old chickens were screened for early markers of response to negative events using gas-chromatography and liquid-chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS, LC-HRMS). Results The low reproducibility of solid-phase micro-extraction of the VOCs followed by GC-MS was not suitable for marker discovery, in contrast to liquid extraction of metabolites from freeze-dried feces followed by GC-MS or LC-HRMS analysis. Therefore, the fecal metabolome from 12-day-old chicks having experienced a normal or delayed placement were recorded by GC-MS and LC-HRMS in two genotypes from two experiments. From both experiments, 25 and 35 metabolites, respectively explaining 81% and 45% of the difference between delayed and control chickens, were identified by orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis from LC-HRMS and GC-MS profiling. Conclusion The sets of molecules identified will be useful to better understand the chicks’ response to negative events over time and will contribute to define stress or welfare biomarkers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40104-019-0335-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…In poultry production systems, broiler chicks are exposed to various stress factors from hatching to the first week of life. Stress during early life can induce persistent changes in physiology, behavior, immunity and consequently in overall chicken health (1)(2)(3)(4). Chicks have outstanding robustness and resilience to environmental disturbances, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methodologies to Assess the Bioactivity of an Herbal Extract on Immunity, Health, Welfare and Production Performance in the Chicken: The Case of Melissa officinalis L. Extract

et al. 2021

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The potential of herbal extracts containing bioactive compounds to strengthen immunity could contribute to reducing antimicrobial use in poultry. This study aimed at developing a reliable and robust methodological pipeline to assess the ability of herbal extracts to strengthen chicken innate defenses, especially concerning inflammation and oxidative stress. This methodology was applied to Melissa officinalis L. (MEL) extract, recognized for its biological activities including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Different methods were used to (1). guarantee the quality of MEL extract and its capacity to stimulate the innate immune system; (2). evaluate the relevance of an ex vivo model to mimic inflammatory and oxidative stress challenges to replace LPS injection in chickens; (3). analyse the effects of feed supplemented with MEL extract on inflammation and oxidative stress induced ex vivo; (4). assess the effects of MEL extract on the redox balance, health, welfare and performance in broilers exposed to suboptimal starting conditions through a large-scale approach. The quality of MEL extract preparations, through phytochemical quantification of rosmarinic acid (RA), revealed varying concentrations of RA in the different MEL extracts. RA concentrations remained stable for at least 9 months and in feed three months after incorporating MEL extract. When incubated with chicken cell lines MEL extract showed potential metabolic activation and ability to stimulate immune functions but induced cytotoxicity at high concentrations. The original ex vivo model of inflammation developed on chicken blood cells enabled inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers to be expressed and revealed antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties of blood cells from chickens fed MEL extract. The experimental model of chicken suboptimal starting conditions validated beneficial effects of MEL extract on the redox balance and also evidenced improved performance during the growth phase, a tendency for fewer muscle defects but a higher severity of pododermatitis lesions without affecting other welfare indicators. This study grouped methods and tools that could be combined according to the plant extract, the needs of professionals working in poultry production systems and staff responsible for animal health, welfare and feeding.

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Stress Levels, Mortality, Intestinal Morphometry and Histomorphology of Chabro Broiler Birds Subjected to Varying Degrees of Post Hatch Delay in Feeding

Cited by 8 publications

References 25 publications

Dynamics of Gut Microbiota Diversity During the Early Development of an Avian Host: Evidence From a Cross-Foster Experiment

Dynamics of Gut Microbiota Diversity During the Early Development of an Avian Host: Evidence From a Cross-Foster Experiment

A multiplatform metabolomic approach to characterize fecal signatures of negative postnatal events in chicks: a pilot study

Methodologies to Assess the Bioactivity of an Herbal Extract on Immunity, Health, Welfare and Production Performance in the Chicken: The Case of Melissa officinalis L. Extract

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