Stress-Induced Gastrointestinal Secretory and Motor Responses in Rats Are Mediated by Endogenous Corticotropin-Releasing Factor

Lenz, H. J.; Raedler, Andreas; Greten, H.; Vale, Wylie; Rivier, Jean

doi:10.1016/s0016-5085(88)80070-2

Cited by 224 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Stressors have been shown to affect secretion of gastric acid, which may in turn influence survival of ingested pathogens. Lenz et al showed that restraint stress significantly increased or decreased gastric acidity, depending upon temperature (Lenz et al, 1988). Another effect of stress on GI function is a reduction in motility.…”

Section: Microbial Endocrinologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and microbial endocrinology: prospects for ruminant nutrition

Freestone

Lyte

2010

Animal

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The feed efficiency of ruminant meat and dairy livestock can be significantly influenced by factors within their living environments. In particular, events perceived by the animals as stressful (such as parturition, transport or handling) have been found to affect susceptibility to infection. It has been well documented that even minor stress such as weighing can result in an increase in colonisation and faecal shedding of enteric pathogens such as Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7. Such infections affect both ruminant overall health and therefore performance, and are a particular problem for the meat production industries. Prior explanations for stress enhancing the likelihood of infection is that activation of the sympathetic nervous system under stress leads to the release of neuroendocrine mediators such as the catecholamine stress hormones noradrenaline and adrenaline, which may impair innate and adaptive immunity. More recently, however, another equally compelling explanation, viewed through the lens of the newly recognised microbiological discipline of microbial endocrinology is that the myriad of bacteria within the ruminant digestive tract are as responsive to the hormonal output of stress as the cells of their host. Work from our laboratories has shown that enteric pathogens have evolved systems for directly sensing stress hormones. We have demonstrated that even brief exposure of enteric pathogens to physiological concentrations of stress hormones can result in massive increases in growth and marked changes in expression of virulence factors such as adhesins and toxins. Happy, less stressed ruminants may therefore be better-nourished animals and safer sources of meat. This article reviews evidence that stress, as well as affecting nutrition, in ruminants is correlated with increased risk of enteric bacterial infections, and examines the molecular mechanisms that may be at work in both processes.

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Section: Microbial Endocrinologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Stress and microbial endocrinology: prospects for ruminant nutrition

Freestone

Lyte

2010

Animal

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“…27 Indeed, induction of gastric lesions in rodents by sociopsychological stress is useful as an experimental model to assess the anxiolytic activity of novel drugs and the anxiolytic potency of a drug may be predicted by its anti-ulcer effect. 28 While the role of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) in mediating the stress-induced alteration of gastrointestinal secretory and motor responses is fairly established, [29][30][31] its role in the pathogenesis of stress ulcer has been debatable. 32,33 CRH is a 41-amino acid peptide that was first isolated as the principal hypothalamic hormone that mobilizes the pituitary-adrenal responses to stress 34 and subsequently identified as a key player in the behavioral and autonomic responses to stress in rodents 35 and nonhuman primates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31 Central administration of peptide CRH receptor antagonists prevents the gastrointestinal secretory and motor responses elicited by either stress or exogenous CRH in a dose-dependent fashion. 30,38 The clinical development of nonpeptide antagonists which cross the blood-brain barrier to reset brain CRH-R1 for the treatment of anxiety 40 and melancholic depression 41 is currently the focus of extensive research. We have recently reported that oral administration of antalarmin, a member of this novel family of drugs, attenuates neuroendocrine and behavioral responses to stress in primates.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marked suppression of gastric ulcerogenesis and intestinal responses to stress by a novel class of drugs

et al. 2002

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When exposed to prolonged stress, rats develop gastric ulceration, enhanced colon motility with depletion of its mucin content and signs of physiological and behavioral arousal. In this model, we tested whether antidepressants (fluoxetine and bupropion), anxiolytics (diazepam and buspirone) or the novel nonpeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) type-1 receptor (CRH-R1) antagonist, antalarmin, modify these responses. Fluoxetine, bupropion, diazepam and antalarmin all suppressed stress-induced gastric ulceration in male SpragueDawley rats exposed to four hours of plain immobilization. Antalarmin produced the most pronounced anti-ulcer effect and additionally suppressed the stress-induced colonic hypermotility, mucin depletion, autonomic hyperarousal and struggling behavior. Intraperitoneal CRH administration reproduced the intestinal but not the gastric responses to stress while vagotomy antagonized the stress-induced gastric ulceration but not the intestinal responses. We conclude that brain CRH-R1 and vagal pathways are essential for gastric ulceration to occur in response to stress and that peripheral CRH-R1 mediates colonic hypermotility and mucin depletion in this model. Nonpeptide CRH-R1 antagonists may therefore be prophylactic against stress ulcer in the critically ill and therapeutic for other pathogenetically related gastrointestinal disorders such as peptic ulcer disease and irritable bowel syndrome.

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“…inhibited gastric emptying in rats, and this effect of CRF was prevented by i.v. antiserum to CRF but not altered by bretylium (a noradrenergic blocker) or chorisondamine (a ganglionic blocking agent) (Lenz et al, 1988). The overall results of the study suggest that TF may show an antianorectic effect by acting as a CRF antagonist.…”

Section: Effects Of Tf and Its Constituents On Fluoxetine-induced Anomentioning

confidence: 70%

Reversal of CRF- and stress-induced anorexia by an ayurvedic formulation

Kulkarni¹,

Surana²

2012

Rev. bras. farmacogn.

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Trikatu churna is one of the commonly used Ayurvedic formulations in the traditional system of medicine in India for the treatment of agnimandya, i.e. anorexia. Trikatu contains equal amounts of finely powdered rhizomes of Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae) and fruits of Piper longum L. and Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae). The chief objective of the study was to determine the antianorectic effects of three drugs individually and to compare these effects with the effect of Trikatu. The activity of the drugs was studied after anorexia was induced in rats by (1) physical stress arising from immobilization for 60 min; (2) intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 100 µg/kg body weight); and (3) intraperitoneal administration of fluoxetine (8 mg/kg body weight). Similar doses of the extracts were tested on freely feeding rats and on rats that had been deprived of food for 20 h. Corticotrophinreleasing factor (CRF, 0.3 µg/rat) can induce anxiogenic-like behavior and reduced food intake. This model was also studied, and the results were compared. The components of Trikatu churna failed to individually reverse the inhibition of feeding. In contrast, Trikatu churna pretreatment reversed stress-, fluoxetine-and CRF-induced anorexia. The study provides strong evidence of the synergistic action of Ayurvedic formulas and also proves the ability of Trikatu churna to reduce stress and CRF-induced anorexia.

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Stress-Induced Gastrointestinal Secretory and Motor Responses in Rats Are Mediated by Endogenous Corticotropin-Releasing Factor

Cited by 224 publications

References 28 publications

Stress and microbial endocrinology: prospects for ruminant nutrition

Stress and microbial endocrinology: prospects for ruminant nutrition

Marked suppression of gastric ulcerogenesis and intestinal responses to stress by a novel class of drugs

Reversal of CRF- and stress-induced anorexia by an ayurvedic formulation

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