Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative disorder affecting low birth weight infants. Although timely diagnosis and treatment can significantly reduce the risk of severe complications, ROP remains a leading cause of childhood blindness worldwide. Limitations of current disease management strategies include extensive travel and logistical coordination requirements for ophthalmologists and neonatologists, decreasing availability of adequately-trained ophthalmologists at the point of care, variability in how retinal findings are diagnosed and documented, and a growing need for ROP care worldwide. Store-and-forward telemedicine is an emerging technology by which medical data are captured for subsequent interpretation by a remote expert. This has potential to improve accessibility, quality, and cost of ROP management. In this paper, we summarize the current evaluation data on applications of telemedicine for ROP, particularly involving the diagnostic accuracy and reliability of remote image interpretation by experts. We also address challenges such as the cost-effectiveness of telemedicine, and highlight potential barriers to implementation of these systems. Understanding these principles is essential to determine future directions in research and development of telemedicine systems for ROP, as well as for other ophthalmic diseases.
Keywordsretinopathy of prematurity; telemedicine; diagnostic imaging; medical informatics; retina; diagnostic techniques and procedures; blindness Publisher's Disclaimer: This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.
NIH Public Access Author ManuscriptSurv Ophthalmol. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2010 November 1.
Published in final edited form as:Surv Ophthalmol. 2009 ; 54(6): 671-685. doi:10.1016/j.survophthal.2009.020.
NIH-PA Author ManuscriptNIH-PA Author Manuscript NIH-PA Author Manuscript
I. Retinopathy of Prematurity
A. Introduction and EpidemiologyRetinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a vasoproliferative retinal disorder affecting low birth weight infants. Treatment criteria for severe disease, using laser photocoagulation and cryotherapy, have been established through the Cryotherapy for Retinopathy of Prematurity (CRYO-ROP) and Early Treatment for Retinopathy of Prematurity (ETROP) trials. 18,22,29,56 Nonetheless, of the approximately 4 million infants born each year in the United States, roughly 2,100 premature babies are affected by long-term sequelae of ROP such as strabismus, myopia, and retinal detachment. 50,57 Among these infants, 400-900 develop ROP-related blindness annually. 57Management of ROP has been supported by univers...