Stress hyperglycemia, cardiac glucotoxicity, and critically ill patient outcomes current clinical and pathophysiological evidence

Scheen, Marc; Giraud, Raphaël; Bendjelid, Karim

doi:10.14814/phy2.14713

Cited by 29 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 187 publications

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“…An increase in SOD gene expression in the diabetic group was found compared with the other groups ( Figure 3 A), suggesting an increase in antioxidants as an attempt to protect the retinal cells from oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia. This result is consistent with a study that concluded that the growth of SOD in the diabetic group may be related to a higher glucose intercellular concentration that activates the hexosamine metabolism and aldose reductase paths, resulting from ROS increase [ 54 ]. MitoTEMPOL may also modulate antioxidant levels as it efficiently inhibited mitochondrial superoxide generation in high-glucose-stimulated cardiomyocytes, and its administration may have reduced the antioxidant levels and have therapeutic benefit in diabetic cardiac complications [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

MitoTEMPOL Inhibits ROS-Induced Retinal Vascularization Pattern by Modulating Autophagy and Apoptosis in Rat-Injected Streptozotocin Model

Virgana

Atik

Gunadi

et al. 2022

Life

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Diabetic retinopathy leads to retinal malfunction, blindness, and reduced quality of life in adult diabetes patients. The involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulation stimulated by high blood glucose levels opens the opportunity for ROS modulator agents such as MitoTEMPOL. This study aims to explore the effect of MitoTEMPOL on ROS balance that may be correlated with retinal vascularization pattern, autophagy, and apoptosis in a streptozotocin-induced rat model. Four groups of male Wistar rats (i.e., control, TEMPOL (100 mg/kg body weight [BW]), diabetic (streptozotocin, 50 mg/kg BW single dose), and diabetic + TEMPOL; n = 5 for each group) were used in the study. MitoTEMPOL was given for 5 weeks, followed by funduscopy, and gene and protein expression were explored from the rat’s retina. Streptozotocin injection decreased bodyweight and increased food and water intake, as well as fasting blood glucose. The results showed that MitoTEMPOL reduced retinal vascularization pattern and decreased superoxide dismutase gene expression and protein carbonyl, caspase 3, and caspase 9 protein levels. A modulation of autophagy in diabetes that was reversed in the diabetic + TEMPOL group was found. In conclusion, MitoTEMPOL modulation on autophagy and apoptosis contributes to its role as a potent antioxidant to prevent diabetic retinopathy by inhibiting ROS-induced retinal vascularization patterns.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

MitoTEMPOL Inhibits ROS-Induced Retinal Vascularization Pattern by Modulating Autophagy and Apoptosis in Rat-Injected Streptozotocin Model

Virgana

Atik

Gunadi

et al. 2022

Life

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“…Another relevant observation was the development of hyperglycemia that occurred at CO 2 concentrations of 10% and higher. Hyperglycemia is a sign of severe stress and is also observed during hemorrhagic shock and critical illness, and is related to sympathoadrenergic activity ( Marik and Bellomo, 2013 ; Scheen et al, 2021 ). Importantly, hyperglycemia is related to poor outcome in critical illness ( Scheen et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon dioxide tolerability and toxicity in rat and man: A translational study

et al. 2022

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Background: Due the increasing need for storage of carbon dioxide (CO2) more individuals are prone to be exposed to high concentrations of CO2 accidentally released into atmosphere, with deleterious consequences.Methods: We tested the effect of increasing CO2 concentrations in humans (6–12%) and rats (10–50%) at varying inhalation times (10–60 min). In humans, a continuous positive airway pressure helmet was used to deliver the gas mixture to the participants. Unrestrained rats were exposed to CO2 in a transparent chamber. In both species regular arterial blood gas samples were obtained. After the studies, the lungs of the animals were examined for macroscopic and microscopic abnormalities.Results: In humans, CO2 concentrations of 9% inhaled for >10 min, and higher concentrations inhaled for <10 min were poorly or not tolerated due to exhaustion, anxiety, dissociation or acidosis (pH < 7.2), despite intact oxygenation. In rats, concentrations of 30% and higher were associated with CO2 narcosis, epilepsy, poor oxygenation and, at 50% CO2, spontaneous death. Lung hemorrhage and edema were observed in the rats at inhaled concentrations of 30% and higher.Conclusion: This study provides essential insight into the occurrence of physiological changes in humans and fatalities in rats after acute exposure to high levels of CO2. Humans tolerate 9% CO2 and retain their ability to function coherently for up to 10 min. These data support reconsideration of the current CO2 levels (<7.5%) that pose a risk to exposed individuals (<7.5%) as determined by governmental agencies to ≤9%.

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“…Percent DPPH inhibition activity in the pancreas of normal control group (75.55 ± 3.12) was significantly (### p < 0.001) high as compared to diabetic control group (22.41 ± 4.25). % DPPH inhibition activity of glibenclamide and morin (2,5,10,15,30, and 50 µg/kg body weight) treated groups in the pancreas tissues were 49.88 ± 3.21 **, 52.66 ± 2.81 **, 60.42 ± 2.12 ***, 65.33 ± 22.13 ***, 69.33 ± 3.12 ***, and 71.42 ± 3.23 *** which were significantly higher than that of diabetic control group.…”

Section: Effect Of Various Treatments On Intracellular Ros Levelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Chronic hyperglycemia results in increased ROS production through increased oxygen consumption, disruption in mitochondrial function, or activation of ROS-producing enzymes. The overproduction of ROS or reduced activity of endogenous antioxidants results in oxidative stress that seems to be due to an imbalance between the oxidizing species as mentioned before, resulting in oxidative stress and cellular death [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidants Isolated from Elaeagnus umbellata (Thunb.) Protect against Bacterial Infections and Diabetes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model

et al. 2021

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The increase in resistance of microbes against conventional drugs is currently a hot issue, whereas diabetes is another main cause of mortalities encountered throughout the world after cancer and heart attacks. New drug sources in the form of plants are investigated to get effective drugs for the mentioned diseases with minimum side effects. Elaeagnus umbellata Thunb. is a medicinal plant used for the management of stress related disorders like diabetes and other health complications. The active constituents of the chloroform extract derived from E. umbellata berries was isolated by silica gel column chromatography which were identified as morin, phloroglucinol, and 1-hexyl benzene through various spectroscopic techniques (electron ionization mass spectrometry, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR spectroscopy). The possible protective effects (antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic activity) of isolated compounds were evaluated using reported methods. Morin exhibited strong in vitro antiradical potential against DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and ABTS (2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals along with prominent antibacterial activities against selected bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis). Among the isolated compounds the more potent one (morin) was assessed for its in vivo antidiabetic potential in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. The in vivo effects observed were further confirmed in ex vivo experiments where the effect of isolated compound on antioxidant enzyme like glutathione peroxidase (GPx), total content of reduced glutathione (GSH), % DPPH inhibition, and the lipid peroxidation MDA (Malondialdehyde) level in pancreatic tissues homogenates were evaluated. In vivo morin at tested doses (2, 10, 15, 30 and 50 mg/kg body weight) significantly restored the alterations in the levels of fasting blood glucose level and body weight loss along with significant decrease in levels of cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, HbA1c level, and significantly increased the high-density lipoprotein in diabetic rats. Morin also effectively ameliorated the hepatic enzymes, and renal functions like serum creatinine. Morin significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme like GPx activity, GSH content, and % DPPH inhibition activity, while reduced the lipid peroxidation MDA (malondialdehyde) level in pancreatic tissues homogenates, and modification of histopathological changes in diabetic rats. Morin exhibited high antioxidant, antibacterial, and antidiabetic potentials as compared to phloroglucinol and 1-hexyl benzene, that could, therefore, be considered as a promising therapeutic agent to treat diabetes mellitus and bacterial infections.

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Stress hyperglycemia, cardiac glucotoxicity, and critically ill patient outcomes current clinical and pathophysiological evidence

Cited by 29 publications

References 187 publications

MitoTEMPOL Inhibits ROS-Induced Retinal Vascularization Pattern by Modulating Autophagy and Apoptosis in Rat-Injected Streptozotocin Model

MitoTEMPOL Inhibits ROS-Induced Retinal Vascularization Pattern by Modulating Autophagy and Apoptosis in Rat-Injected Streptozotocin Model

Carbon dioxide tolerability and toxicity in rat and man: A translational study

Antioxidants Isolated from Elaeagnus umbellata (Thunb.) Protect against Bacterial Infections and Diabetes in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rat Model

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