Stress, coping, resilience, and sleep during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A representative survey study of US adults

Abstract

Introduction:The COVID-19 pandemic is a global health emergency resulting in widespread death and substantial disruption to daily life. Previous research has shown that novel disease outbreaks are associated with high stress levels and sleep impairments that lead to neuropsychiatric consequences. Therefore, it is vital to study both stress and protective factors such as coping and resilience that may hinder or help sleep quality during the COVID-19 pandemic. Further, as gender disparities exist in sleep quality, it is important to understand the relationship between pandemic-related stress, coping strategies, resilience, and sleep in bothgenders during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methods: Our study examined how gender, stress, coping, and resilience were associated with sleep cross-sectionally during the COVID-19 pandemic in a representative sample of US adults (N = 393).Results: Consistent with many recent studies, we found that worsened sleep quality in women compared to men persisted during the COVID-19 pandemic. Interestingly, pandemic-related stress was not significantly associated with sleep quality, but pandemicrelated coping was associated with sleep independent of robust controls and trait resilience.Conclusions: Greater primary control engagement coping was associated with better sleep quality, while involuntary engagement coping was associated with poor sleep quality. Future research should extend the findings with actigraphy and explore ways to enhance beneficial coping and sleep health during pandemics.

Subjective sleep alterations in healthy subjects worldwide during COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression

“…Regarding the administered sleep measures, 103 studies reported PSQI scores. Specifically, 100 reported PSQI global scores [ [37] , [38] , [39] , [40] , 42 , 43 , 45 ], [ 46 , [48] , [49] , [50] , [51] , [52] , [53] ], [ [55] , [56] , [57] , [58] , [59] , [60] , [61] , [62] , [63] , [65] , [66] , [67] , [68] ], [ [70] , [71] , [72] , [73] , 75 , [77] , [78] , [79] , [80] , [81] , [82] , [83] , [84] , 86 , 87 ], [ [91] , [92] , [93] , [94] , [96] , [97] , [98] , 102 , 103 , [106] , [107] , [108] , [109] , [110] ], [ [113] , [114] , [115] , [116] , 119 , 120 , [122] , [123] , [124] , [...…”

“…The type of population was categorized as follow: adolescents (6 studies) [ 71 , 81 , 87 , 92 , 108 , 138 ], children (1 study) [38], general population (66 studies) [ 40 , 42 , 43 , 46 , 48 , 49 ], [ [51] , [52] , [53] , [54] , [55] , [56] , [57] , 59 , 60 , [64] , [65] , [66] ], [ [68] , [69] , [70] , 72 , 73 , 76 , [78] , [79] , [80] ], [ [82] , [83] , [84] , [85] , 88 , 89 , 101 , 103 ], [ 104 , 109 , 110 , 113 , 117 , 120 , 121 ], [ 123 , 128 , 129 , 131 , 134 , 135 , 137 ], [ 139 , [141] , [142] , [143] , [144] , [145] , 147 , [150] , [151] , [152] ], [ 154 <...…”

Psychological Wellbeing, Worry, and Resilience-Based Coping during COVID-19 in Relation to Sleep Quality

“…Dismantling research should be conducted to examine more precisely whether certain elements of coping strategies and cognitive dispositions are more relevant than others for influencing sleep quality when adjusting to crises. One such variable that may be operating is the element of control [ 6 , 71 , 72 ]. Controlling one’s constructive response to situational stress can be considered a form of proactive resilience-based coping [ 73 ].…”

“…Recently, investigations exploring individuals’ sleep during the COVID-19 pandemic point to patterns of diminished sleep quality as well as collective disruptions to daily life [ 5 ]. Sleep quality is known to be shifted or moderated by stress [ 6 ], but the pandemic presented global changes and concerns beyond typical shifting stress levels. Thus, it is no surprise that studies have demonstrated diminished sleep quality as a result of COVID-19 related stressors and collective issues.…”

Gender Differences in Burnout Among Endocrinologists in China

“…Some researchers suggested resilience and coping strategies play an important role in affecting DP ( Chong et al, 2021 ; Di Giuseppe et al, 2021 ; Di Trani et al, 2021 ; Li P. et al, 2021 ; Nituica et al, 2021 ; Perry et al, 2021 ). Studies also showed gender differences in coping strategies and resilience ( Gargiulo et al, 2021 ; Reisch et al, 2021 ; Yan et al, 2021 ; Zhang X. et al, 2021 ), and this could partially explain the gender differences regarding the differential associations between work hours and sleep duration and DP ( Di Giuseppe et al, 2021 ). As the etiology and mechanism of burnout remain elusive, these findings would help understand the pathogenesis of physician burnout.…”