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The current study evaluated the impact of psychological wellbeing on sleep quality during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. A novel empirical model tested variables that mediate and moderate this impact. First, a relationship was established between psychological wellbeing during the COVID-19 pandemic and sleep quality. Second, resilience-based coping associated with the COVID-19 pandemic was tested as a mediator of the impact of psychological wellbeing on sleep quality. Third, dispositional rumination, mindfulness, and worry were compared as moderators of the impact of psychological wellbeing on sleep quality. Fourth, a moderated mediated model was tested for each moderator. Online survey data was collected from 153 adults in the United States. Results demonstrated that coping with the COVID-19 pandemic partially mediated the impact of psychological wellbeing on sleep quality. Worry, but not rumination or mindfulness, moderated the impact. A moderated mediation model failed to demonstrate significance, indicating that the data are best represented by distinct mediation and moderation models. Thus, interventions aimed at improving sleep quality should prioritize concurrent reduction in worry and increase in resilience-based coping strategies. This study provides practical and theoretical contribution to the literature by demonstrating relationships between key variables and contextualizing how the model can be used for assessments and interventions during widespread crises.

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The current naturalistic study used a novel multilevel lagged regressed change analysis to compare how different dream types predict distinct patterns of change in negative emotion during next-day wakefulness. For up to 21 mornings, 191 adults used an online dream log to report whether they had dreamed and-if so-which emotional content categories of dream they had experienced; next, they rated their current level of negative emotion. Aligning with theory suggesting a behavior-dependent emotional processing function of dreaming, it was hypothesized that nondisturbed dreams and bad dreams would aid in emotional processing because the dreamer stays asleep, whereas idiopathic nightmares would inhibit emotional processing because the dreamer wakes up and ceases sleep-dependent processing. As predicted, nondisturbed dreams predicted next-day decreases in negative emotion. Surprisingly, idiopathic nightmares also predicted next-day decreases in negative emotion, whereas bad dreams did not predict change in negative emotion. Bad dreams and nightmares within the same night predicted next-day increases in negative emotion. These findings are discussed in relation to dream memory functioning as an emotional integration mechanism that can support change toward wakeful emotional equilibration.

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