“…In addition, these levels were not baseline levels and reflected corticosterone responses to a stressor. However, in agreement with previous work (Slattery and Neumann, 2008;Pawluski et al, 2011) we did find that pregnant females have decreased corticosterone levels, regardless of stress, when compared to virgin females. It is very likely that corticosterone plays an important role in the remodeling of dendritic trees (branch points and dendritic length) in pregnant and virgin rats, as higher free corticosterone levels are associated with pregnancy (Voogt et al, 1969;Atkinson and Waddell, 1995), as well as with stress (McEwen et al, 1993;Conrad, 2008).…”
Section: Effect Of Corticosterone On Dendritic Morphology In Pregnantsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…However, it has recently been shown that stress can alter hippocampal cell proliferation in late pregnant females (Pawluski et al, 2011) and c-fos expression is decreased in the CA3 region after acute stress in late pregnancy (Wartella et al, 2003). High levels of corticosterone, via injection, during gestation have also been shown to result in decreased hippocampal cell proliferation in the mother at weaning (Brummelte et al, 2006;Brummelte and Galea, 2010).…”
Section: Stress Results In Dendritic Remodeling Of Ca3 Pyramidal Neurmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is perhaps not surprising as previous studies have shown that stress has limited effects on weight gain in virgin and pregnant females (Dalla et al, 2005;Pawluski et al, 2011). However, others have reported higher body weights in the control group compared with the stress group (Galea et al, 1997;Darnaudery et al, 2004;van den Hove et al, 2005van den Hove et al, , 2010Baker et al, 2008).…”
Section: Repeated Stress Did Not Significantly Alter Body Weight In Pmentioning
confidence: 85%
“…Repeated restraint during gestation increases the number of proliferating cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of late pregnant females (Pawluski et al, 2011), but does not affect hippocampal neurogenesis in the mother after weaning (Pawluski et al, 2012a). Acute restraint stress or exposure to a novel environment decreases c-fos expression in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in both pregnant and postpartum females (Wartella et al, 2003).…”
“…In addition, these levels were not baseline levels and reflected corticosterone responses to a stressor. However, in agreement with previous work (Slattery and Neumann, 2008;Pawluski et al, 2011) we did find that pregnant females have decreased corticosterone levels, regardless of stress, when compared to virgin females. It is very likely that corticosterone plays an important role in the remodeling of dendritic trees (branch points and dendritic length) in pregnant and virgin rats, as higher free corticosterone levels are associated with pregnancy (Voogt et al, 1969;Atkinson and Waddell, 1995), as well as with stress (McEwen et al, 1993;Conrad, 2008).…”
Section: Effect Of Corticosterone On Dendritic Morphology In Pregnantsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…However, it has recently been shown that stress can alter hippocampal cell proliferation in late pregnant females (Pawluski et al, 2011) and c-fos expression is decreased in the CA3 region after acute stress in late pregnancy (Wartella et al, 2003). High levels of corticosterone, via injection, during gestation have also been shown to result in decreased hippocampal cell proliferation in the mother at weaning (Brummelte et al, 2006;Brummelte and Galea, 2010).…”
Section: Stress Results In Dendritic Remodeling Of Ca3 Pyramidal Neurmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…This is perhaps not surprising as previous studies have shown that stress has limited effects on weight gain in virgin and pregnant females (Dalla et al, 2005;Pawluski et al, 2011). However, others have reported higher body weights in the control group compared with the stress group (Galea et al, 1997;Darnaudery et al, 2004;van den Hove et al, 2005van den Hove et al, , 2010Baker et al, 2008).…”
Section: Repeated Stress Did Not Significantly Alter Body Weight In Pmentioning
confidence: 85%
“…Repeated restraint during gestation increases the number of proliferating cells in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus of late pregnant females (Pawluski et al, 2011), but does not affect hippocampal neurogenesis in the mother after weaning (Pawluski et al, 2012a). Acute restraint stress or exposure to a novel environment decreases c-fos expression in the CA3 region of the hippocampus in both pregnant and postpartum females (Wartella et al, 2003).…”
“…injection of BrdU (200 mg/kg; Sigma, St. Louis, MO) dissolved in 0.9 % saline as previously described (Pawluski and Galea 2007;Pawluski et al 2011). After BrdU injection, all animals were single housed with standard enrichment for the duration of the study (3 weeks).…”
There are long-term effects of developmental SSRI exposure on hippocampal plasticity that is differentially affected by expose to maternal adversity and offspring sex.
Although adult neurogenesis has been conserved in higher vertebrates such as primates and humans, timing of generation, migration, and differentiation of new neurons appears to differ from that in rodents. Sheep could represent an alternative model to studying neurogenesis in primates because they possess a brain as large as a macaque monkey and have a similar life span. By using a marker of cell division, bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU), in combination with several markers, the maturation time of newborn cells in the dentate gyrus (DG) and the main olfactory bulb (MOB) was determined in sheep. In addition, to establish the origin of adult-born neurons in the MOB, an adeno-associated virus that infects neural cells in the ovine brain was injected into the subventricular zone (SVZ). A migratory stream was indicated from the SVZ up to the MOB, consisting of neuroblasts that formed chain-like structures. Results also showed a long neuronal maturation time in both the DG and the MOB, similar to that in primates. The first new neurons were observed at 1 month in the DG and at 3 months in the MOB after BrdU injections. Thus, maturation of adult-born cells in both the DG and the MOB is much longer than that in rodents and resembles that in nonhuman primates. This study points out the importance of studying the features of adult neurogenesis in models other than rodents, especially for translational research for human cellular therapy.
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