Stress and magnetic field-dependent Young's modulus in single crystal iron–gallium alloys

Datta, Supratik; Atulasimha, Jayasimha; Mudivarthi, Chaitanya; Flatau, Alison B.

doi:10.1016/j.jmmm.2010.01.046

Cited by 71 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…Major magnetization versus stress loops were measured and modeled on h100i oriented single-crystal Fe-Ga alloys subjected to compressive stresses from À120 MPa to 0 MPa. 2,3 Similar major magnetization loops and corresponding models were presented for polycrystalline Fe 81.6 Ga 18.4 alloy. 4 The dependence of magnetic susceptibility on stress and application to force sensing in h100i oriented Fe 81.6 Ga 18.4 and Fe 79.1 Ga 20.9 alloys has been investigated.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Relationships between magnetization and dynamic stress for Galfenol rod alloy and its application in force sensor

Weng

Wang

Dapino

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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Magnetization versus dynamic stress of Fe 81.6 Ga 18.4 is measured at 4.0 kA/m bias magnetic field and À7.0 MPa compressive pre-stress. The magnetization and stress curves show that magnetization decreases with increasing compressive stress. Magnetization increases with increasing stress frequency at À20 MPa compounded stress. The output voltage from the pickup coil of a Galfenol force sensor is measured when the frequency and amplitude of dynamic force vary. The measurements show that the output voltage increases proportionally with increasing force frequency and amplitude. When the bias magnetic field is 4.0 kA/m, a maximum output voltage of 57 mV is measured at À7.0 MPa compressive pre-stress. V

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Relationships between magnetization and dynamic stress for Galfenol rod alloy and its application in force sensor

Weng

Wang

Dapino

et al. 2013

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…As our assessment of the limitations of our model in Section IV shows, our theoretical work should be experimentally verified using a device based on the basic design approach in Section I-C. Such a device needs to combine vibrational excitation with field-induced striction, where field-dependent stress-strain curves of magneto-or electro-strictive materials can be used to achieve nonlinear behaviour, see [32], Fig. 4.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parametric amplification of broadband vibrational energy harvesters for energy-autonomous sensors enabled by field-induced striction

Nabholz

Lamprecht

Mehner

et al. 2020

Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing

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We investigate the influence of parametric excitations on MEMS vibration energy harvesters for energy autonomous sensor systems. In Industry 4.0 (or Industrial IoT) applications, interconnected sensors provide a means of data acquisition for automated control of the manufacturing process. Ensuring a continuous energy supply to the sensors is essential for their reliable operation. Manufacturing machines usually display a wide spectrum of vibration frequencies which needs to be covered by an array of harvester substructures in order to maintain the desired output level. We show that mechanical structures designed to implement a Helmholtz-Duffing oscillator have an increased bandwidth by exploiting several orders of parametric resonances. In contrast to concepts implementing parametric amplification in a multi-mode scenario, our concept is based on a single mechanical mode. Therefore, it is more robust against fabrication tolerances as the relevant multi-mode resonance conditions do not need to be matched on the level of single chips. Using exact transient simulations and semi-analytic models to showcase the relation of the Helmholtz-Duffing oscillator to the damped and driven Mathieu equation, we show that parametric resonances highly increase the bandwidth of the output power whenever high Helmholtz nonlinearities are present. To achieve the required nonlinearities, we suggest nonlinear stress-strain curves and we propose to achieve such nonlinearities through field-induced striction by magneto-or electrostriction. In contrast to existing approaches, where external fields are harvested using strictive effects, we employ external fields that manipulate the effective Young's modulus to achieve parametric excitations in a mechanical oscillator. Thus, we are able to propose a novel energy harvester concept incorporating strictive materials that exploits the effects of parametric excitations to achieve broadband vibrational energy harvesting. c 2020, Elsevier. Licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ U. Nabholz, L. Lamprecht and P. Degenfeld-Schonburg are with Robert

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“…The disadvantage was that the output voltage decreased as well with the addition of the "T" part. Young's Modulus (GPa) 160±40 [19] 65 [20] 59 [20] -30 [20] Magnetostriction constant (ppm) ~30 [19] 320 [21] 395 [21] 274 [21] 305 [21] Saturation Magnetisation (kA/m) 128 [19] 143 [22] 135 [22] 119 [22] 90 [25] Magneto-mechanical coupling factor 0.97 [19] ~0.66 [23] ~0.66 [23] ~0.66 [23] ~0.66 [23] Curie Temperature ( o C) 370-380 [19] 720 [24] 690 [24] 640 [24] 400 [24] Anisotropy (kJm -3 ) 38 [19] 27 [25] 13 [26] -~1 [25]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetostrictive Energy Harvesting: Materials and Design Study

2019

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In recent years, vibrational energy harvesting has established itself as a promising alternative to the use of batteries for powering microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) for large wireless sensor networks used in aerospace and building infrastructures. This work has focused on the design and materials used in magnetostrictive cantilever energy harvesters. The study involved using both finite element modelling to predict the resonance frequencies for different cantilever designs and magnetostrictive materials, followed by experimental measurements for validation. Two different magnetostrictive ribbons were investigated, Fe100-xGax with four different compositions (x = 17.5; 19.5; 21; 28 at.%) and amorphous metallic glass Metglas 2605SC (Fe81B13.5Si3.5C2). From the modelling, it was determined that the resonance frequency was strongly dependent on the cantilever length, thickness and density. Changing the cantilever design to a "T" shape was found to decrease the resonance frequency. The experimental results found that the output voltage measured depended on the cantilever dimensions especially the thickness, the Ga concentration and the cantilever design. The output voltages for Fe80.5Ga19.5 cantilevers were comparable with the same dimension Metglas cantilevers. The results of the finite element modelling were validated by good agreement between the computational and experimental resonance frequencies measured.

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Stress and magnetic field-dependent Young's modulus in single crystal iron–gallium alloys

Cited by 71 publications

References 30 publications

Relationships between magnetization and dynamic stress for Galfenol rod alloy and its application in force sensor

Relationships between magnetization and dynamic stress for Galfenol rod alloy and its application in force sensor

Parametric amplification of broadband vibrational energy harvesters for energy-autonomous sensors enabled by field-induced striction

Magnetostrictive Energy Harvesting: Materials and Design Study

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