Relationships between magnetization and dynamic stress for Galfenol rod alloy and its application in force sensor

Weng, Ling; Wang, Bowen; Dapino, Marcelo J.; Sun, Yubao; Wang, Li; Cui, Bai

doi:10.1063/1.4795328

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…2 A key technical challenge is the very limited experimental data on Galfenol's frequency-dependent response to dynamic stress, which is critically important for the design of such devices and the validation of rate-dependent constitutive models. 3 Galfenol's magnetization response to dynamic stress 4 and its damping capacity 5 have been reported, but the forcing frequency was limited to 10 Hz in both studies. The Young's modulus, coupling coefficient, and damping ratio of Galfenol rods have been calculated from electrical responses to controlled dynamic currents; 6 however, this electrically controlled method relies on a linear piezomagnetic model relating electrical and mechanical domains.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency-dependent, dynamic sensing properties of polycrystalline Galfenol (Fe81.6Ga18.4)

Scheidler

Asnani

Dapino

2016

Journal of Applied Physics

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This paper presents the first measurement of Galfenol's frequency-dependent strain and magnetic flux density responses to controlled dynamic stress, from which frequency-dependent, effective material properties relating these quantities are calculated. Solid and laminated Galfenol (Fe 81.6 Ga 18.4) rods were excited by 2.88 MPa compressive stresses up to 1 kHz under constant field and constant current conditions. Due to magnetic diffusion cutoff frequencies of only 59.3 to 145.7 Hz, the dynamic properties of the solid rod are found to vary significantly; this illustrates the inaccuracy of frequency-independent dynamic properties calculated via linear piezomagnetic models from experimental responses to electrical excitation. Conversely, the sensing properties of the laminated rod exhibit a weak dependence on frequency over the measurement range (i.e., a cutoff >1 kHz). The data are used to validate an existing model for mechanically induced magnetic diffusion. Loss factors and magnetomechanical energy densities are also presented and discussed in terms of loss separation, magnetic diffusion, and energy conservation. Published by AIP Publishing.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Frequency-dependent, dynamic sensing properties of polycrystalline Galfenol (Fe81.6Ga18.4)

Scheidler

Asnani

Dapino

2016

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…Functional materials systems that demonstrate large magnetostriction play an important role in a wide array of commercial applications, ranging from acoustic sensors and linear actuators to electromechanical energy harvesters and sonar transducers [1,2,3]. One of the most successful magnetostrictive materials hitherto is the rare-earth compound, (Dy 0.7 Tb 0.3 )Fe 2 (also known as Terfenol D) [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Giant Enhancement of Magnetostrictive Response in Directionally-Solidified Fe83Ga17Erx Compounds

et al. 2018

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We report, for the first time, correlations between crystal structure, microstructure and magnetofunctional response in directionally solidified [110]-textured Fe83Ga17Erx (0 < x < 1.2) alloys. The morphology of the doped samples consists of columnar grains, mainly composed of a matrix phase and precipitates of a secondary phase deposited along the grain boundary region. An enhancement of more than ~275% from ~45 to 170 ppm is observed in the saturation magnetostriction value (λs) of Fe83Ga17Erx alloys with the introduction of small amounts of Er. Moreover, it was noted that the low field derivative of magnetostriction with respect to an applied magnetic field (i.e., dλs/dHapp for Happ up to 1000 Oe) increases by ~230% with Er doping (dλs/dHapp,FeGa= 0.045 ppm/Oe; dλs/dHapp,FeGaEr= 0.15 ppm/Oe). The enhanced magnetostrictive response of the Fe83Ga17Erx alloys is ascribed to an amalgamation of microstructural and electronic factors, namely: (i) improved grain orientation and local strain effects due to deposition of Er in the intergranular region; and (ii) strong local magnetocrystalline anisotropy, due to the highly anisotropic localized nature of the 4f electronic charge distribution of the Er atom. Overall, this work provides guidelines for further improving galfenol-based materials systems for diverse applications in the power and energy sector.

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“…Functional magnetic materials systems that demonstrate large magnetostriction play an important role in a wide range of applications, including sonar systems [1], force, displacement and torque sensors [2], [3], microelectromechanical actuators, and vibration energy harvesting and vibration control devices [4]. To this end, it is important to note that one of the most promising magnetostrictive materials hitherto is Galfenol, Fe 1-x Ga x (Galfenol) [5] an inexpensive, corrosion resistant [6], machinable alloy that in single crystal form exhibits high tensile strength (∼500 MPa) [7], and a moderate magnetostriction (3/2 λ 100 ∼ 350 ppm) under a low magnetic field of ∼100 Oe [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure, magnetism, and magnetostrictive properties of mechanically alloyed Fe81Ga19

Taheri

Barua

Hsu

et al. 2016

Journal of Alloys and Compounds

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In this work, structure-magnetic property correlations and the magnetostrictive response of mechanically alloyed powders of composition Fe 81 Ga 19 were investigated using a variety of structural and magnetic probes. X-ray diffraction analysis of the as-milled powders suggests the presence of a chemicallydisordered body-centered cubic phase. Thermal annealing of powder compacts results in formation of a secondary phase that demonstrates the cubic ordered L1 2 crystal structure. Magnetostriction measurements indicate that the magnetoelastic properties of the polycrystalline Fe 81 Ga 19 compacts can be tailored by increasing the milling time duration followed by an anneal of the as-milled powders at 900°C for 2 hours in an Ar gas environment (O 2 <5 ppm). Under those conditions, the room temperature saturation magnetostriction was measured to be as high as 41 ppm at a low magnetic field of H app ~10 Oe. The magnetostrictive behavior of the mechanically alloyed Fe 81 Ga 19 powders was found to be comparable with FeGa samples prepared by other non-equilibrium powder processing techniques. Based upon the results presented here, it is proferred that ball-milling offers a cost-effective pathway towards realizing large volumes of FeGa alloys having moderate values of magnetostriction.

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Relationships between magnetization and dynamic stress for Galfenol rod alloy and its application in force sensor

Cited by 15 publications

References 10 publications

Frequency-dependent, dynamic sensing properties of polycrystalline Galfenol (Fe81.6Ga18.4)

Frequency-dependent, dynamic sensing properties of polycrystalline Galfenol (Fe81.6Ga18.4)

Giant Enhancement of Magnetostrictive Response in Directionally-Solidified Fe83Ga17Erx Compounds

Structure, magnetism, and magnetostrictive properties of mechanically alloyed Fe81Ga19

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