Streptococcus-Zebrafish Model of Bacterial Pathogenesis

Neely, Melody N.; Pfeifer, John D.; Caparon, Michael G.

doi:10.1128/iai.70.7.3904-3914.2002

Cited by 299 publications

(299 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…This was parallel to the results recorded by Chen et al, 2004. The encountered liver lesions could be explained as the liver is the site of replication of many bacterial pathogens (Neely et al, 2002). The serum creatinine and urea levels were significantly increased in all infected groups reflecting the histopathologic lesions found in kidneys of all infected groups.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Untitled

Oda¹,

Tohamy²,

Massoud³

2016

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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This study was performed to investigate the alterations that associated with experimental infection of Nile tilapia with Streptococcus iniae (S. iniae), Candida albicans (C. albicans) or their combination. The experimentally infected fish were carefully observed for four weeks for any clinical abnormalities, mortality rates, postmortem changes, biochemical and histopathological changes. The highest mortality rate, severe clinical signs and postmortem changes occurred in Nile tilapia fish in the S. iniae+ C. albicans infected group. There were significant changes in the evaluated biochemical parameters in all infected groups that were marked in the S. iniae-and the S. iniae+ C. albicans-infected groups. Specimens were collected from gills, liver, kidney, spleen, brain and intestine for histopathological examination. The lesions were variable among the infected groups, however; lesions intensity was more pronounced in fish infected with both pathogens. The present study established the synergistic interaction between S. iniae and C. albicans in Nile tilapia on the bases of clinical signs, mortality rates, postmortem changes, biochemical and histopathological changes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Untitled

Oda¹,

Tohamy²,

Massoud³

2016

Turk. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci.

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“…In addition to having many of the major organs found in humans, zebrafish embryos are transparent, which allows direct visualization of labeled toxin and toxin-induced changes in anatomy and physiology (23). Indeed, these same characteristics have made the zebrafish a widely accepted model for the study of embryonic development and genetics (35) and infectious diseases (36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of Clostridium difficile toxin B cardiotoxicity using a zebrafish embryo model of intoxication

Hamm

Voth

Ballard

2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Clostridium difficile toxin B (TcdB) has been studied extensively by using cell-free systems and tissue culture, but, like many bacterial toxins, the in vivo targets of TcdB are unknown and have been difficult to elucidate with traditional animal models. In the current study, the transparent Danio rerio (zebrafish) embryo was used as a model for imaging of in vivo TcdB localization and organ-specific damage in real time. At 24 h after treatment, TcdB was found to localize at the pericardial region, and zebrafish exhibited the first signs of cardiovascular damage, including a 90% reduction in systemic blood flow and a 20% reduction in heart rate. Within 72 h of exposure to TcdB, the ventricle chamber of the heart became deformed and was unable to contract or pump blood, and the fish exhibited extensive pericardial edema. In line with the observed defects in ventricle contraction, TcdB was found to directly disrupt coordinated contractility and rhythmicity in primary cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, using a caspase-3 inhibitor, we were able to block TcdB-related cardiovascular damage and prevent zebrafish death. These findings present an insight into the in vivo targets of TcdB, as well as demonstrate the strength of the zebrafish embryo as a tractable model for identification of in vivo targets of bacterial toxins and evaluation of novel candidate therapeutics.bacterial toxin ͉ Clostridium difficile-associated disease ͉ large clostridial toxins

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“…However, it is noticeable that the vast majority of individuals displayed no infiltration associated with muscular lesions or degenerating cells, whereas inflammation is often observed at the site of infection either as a means of fighting the infectious agent or repairing the damaged tissue (Miyazaki et al 1999, Neely et al 2002. Some mollusc pathogens were described as inducing large increases in the circulating haemocytes densities (Oubella et al 1993) and others were demonstrated to possess chemoattractants for oyster haemocytes (Cheng & Howland 1979, Howland & Cheng 1982.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%