Streptococcus pyogenes upper respiratory infection and atopic conditions other than asthma: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Background: Patients with asthma have an increased risk of Streptococcus pyogenes infection compared with those without asthma. It is unknown whether this is true for children with other atopic conditions such as atopic dermatitis or allergic rhinitis.

Deficient antiviral immune responses in childhood: Distinct roles of atopy and asthma

“…In support of our findings are the recent epidemiologic studies showing an increased risk of serious pneumococcal disease and Streptococcus pyogenes infections in patients with atopic conditions, such as atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis, even after adjustment for concomitant asthma. 31,32 A possible explanation for these observations could be the finding in our study that circulating IgE levels were inversely related to interferon production in bronchial epithelial cells, which is in agreement with the known negative modulation of IgE on innate immune responses to viral infections. [33][34][35] It is also possible that the interferon deficiency observed in atopic children without symptoms of asthma is related to the presence of T H 2 inflammation and epithelial damage in the airways, which are features typical of children with asthma and might per se affect innate immune responses.…”

Atopic conditions other than asthma and risk of the 2009 novel H1N1 infection in children: A case‐control study

“…Atopic conditions other than asthma are associated with an increased risk of viral and bacterial infections. 15,17,37 A recent prospective study showed children with asthma were more likely to develop H1N1 infection than nonasthmatic children. 19 In our study the main reason for the lack of the association between asthma and risk of H1N1 infection is probably because of overrepresentation of asthma in the control group and a trend toward delayed testing for H1N1 infection in asthmatic patients.…”

“…[12][13][14][15][16][17][18] A recent study showed that the incidence of H1N1 infection was higher in children with asthma than in children without asthma (odds ratio [OR], 4; 95% CI, 1.8 -9; p Ͻ 0.001), 19 suggesting asthma might be associated with an increased risk of H1N1 infection. At present, it is unknown whether this is true for other atopic conditions such as atopic dermatitis or allergic rhinitis.…”

“…We have previously used this ascertainment method for atopic conditions. 15,17 To determine temporal relationship between exposure status (atopic conditions) and outcome (H1N1 infection), we recorded the incidence dates of each atopic condition (i.e., the earliest date of a physician diagnosis documented in medical records).…”

Asthma and severity of 2009 novel H1N1 influenza: a population-based case–control study

“…2–11 Indeed, previous studies showed that people with asthma had increased risk of microbial infections than those without asthma. 12–20 A recent prospective study that compared rates of H1N1 infection between children with and without asthma showed that children with asthma had a higher risk of H1N1 infection during the second peak of the pandemic than non-asthmatics. 21 …”