Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in healthy children attending day-care centers in 12 states in Mexico

Abstract

Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriage of Streptococcus pneumoniae, which is a major factor in the transmission of this bacterium. Material and Methods. Nasopharyngeal cultures were performed on children attending 32 day-care centers in 12 states in Mexico. Results. Streptococcus pneumoniae was isolated from the nasopharynx of 829 out of 2 777(29.9%) subjects aged two months to six years. All children lived in urban areas and 80% spent more than six hours daily in a day-care center. Streptococcus pneumoniae serotypes most frequently identified were: 19F (23%), 6B (15.6%), 23F (11.2%) and 6A (14.9%). Thirtysix percent of the isolates were susceptible to penicillin. Conclusions. Serotype distribution suggests the possible benefits that could be obtained from the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.Key words: S. pneumoniae; nasopharyngeal carriage; day-care center; Mexico

Prevalence and risk factors of pneumococcal nasopharyngeal carriage in healthy children attending kindergarten, in district of Arsi Zone, South East, Ethiopia

“…According to this study, S. pneumoniae carriage was high (18.4%) among children in day care center (DCC). Although nasopharyngeal carriage varies throughout the world, our results are consistent with the findings of a various studies carried out elsewhere [21, 22]. However, this finding was low as compared to the study reported in Northern Spain in healthy children at DCC (89.5%) [8], in Gambian infants (51%) [13] and in Peruvian children (75.3%) [23].…”

Pneumococcal disease: emergence of serotypes 19A and 7F following conjugate pneumococcal vaccination in a Mexican hospital

“…Serotype distribution before and after pcv-7 implementation Figure 2. Specific serotype isolation before and after pcv-7 implementation investigating S. pneumoniae asymptomatic carriage, 29% of 3,144 collected samples from nasopharynx of children attending day-care centers were positive for S. pneumoniae, from which 56% were PCV-7-associated serotypes [6]. The Regional Vaccine System (SIREVA), a passive surveillance system for bacterial invasive diseases in Latin America, also showed a higher prevalence of PCV-7-associated serotypes.…”

“…In Mexico, studies performed in tertiary care hospitals have shown that PID is potentially the main cause of bacterial meningitis and pleural empyema [4,5]. Furthermore, a national study looking for asymptomatic carriage showed that 29% of children were colonized by S. pneumoniae, 56% of which were serotypes included in PCV-7 [6]. To date no prospective studies have yet been performed that examine serotype distribution and/or substitution as cause of PID, before and after global implementation of PCV-7, in Mexico.…”

Staphylococcus aureus in Iowa child care facilities

“…Haemophilus influenzae, a small Gram-negative coccobacillus, remains a leading cause of acute otitis media, rhinosinusitis, and bacterial community-acquired pneumonia (CDC 2008 Haemophilus, Ulanova 2009, Liebovitz 2007, Gehanno 2001, Block 2004, Benninger 2008. Moraxella catarrhalis are Gram-negative cocci that often cause otitis media and sinusitis in children as well (Hager 1987 (Marchisio 2001, St. Sauver 2000, Stratchounski 2000, Chiu 2001, Masuda 2002, Marchisio 2002, Dagan 2002, Rey 2002, Henriques Normark 2003, Sulikowska 2004, Sandgren 2004, Tomasson 2005, Kontiokari 2005, Frazao 2005, Zemlickova 2006, Volonakis 2006, Stratchounski 2000, Soysal 2006, Katz 2007, Grivea 2008, Dueger 2008, Abut 2008, Dunais 2008, Leino 2008, Sa-Leao 2008, Katsarolis 2009, Espinosa-de los Monteros 2007, Vasoo 2010, Franco 2010, Vestrheim 2008. The reason for such substantial variation is unclear.…”

“…Infections with antibiotic resistant organisms are associated with higher morbidity, mortality, and economic costs than their counterparts that are susceptible to treatment (Levy 2004 (Marchisio 2001, Peerbooms 2002, Sogstad 2006, Zemlickova 2006, Katz 2007. Studies conducted in Hong Kong, Brazil, Japan, Mexico, and Singapore, however, reported higher rates of 58%, 57.6%, 61%, 63.7%, and 69.5% (Chiu 2001, Velasquez 2009, Masuda 2002, Espinosa-de Los Monteros 2007, Vasoo 2010. Prevalence rates of non-susceptible isolates between 5 and 50% have been reported in Russia, Italy, Sweden (in facilities where PNSP index cases were identified), Poland, Portugal, Iceland, Turkey, Greece, and Brazil (Stratchounski 2000, Marchisio 2002, Peerbooms 2002, Henriques Normark 2003, Sulikowska 2004, Frazao 2005, Tomasson 2005, Stratchounski 2006, Abut 2008, Katsarolis 2009, Franco 2010.…”