Streptococcus Dysgalactiae Subspecies Dysgalactiae Infection after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report

Park, Man Jun; Eun, Il Soo; Jung, Chul; Ko, Young-Chul; Kim, Yong Baek; Kim, Chang Kyu; Kang, Eun Jin

doi:10.5792/ksrr.2012.24.2.120

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Streptococcus is a diverse genus that has a prominent role in human disease but causes Ͻ10% of joint arthroplasty infections. A number of beta-hemolytic Streptococcus species cause PJI, including Lancefield groups A (145-147), B (148)(149)(150)(151)(152)(153), C (154)(155)(156), and G (145,157,158). Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp.…”

Section: Causative Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prosthetic Joint Infection

2014

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SUMMARY Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a tremendous burden for individual patients as well as the global health care industry. While a small minority of joint arthroplasties will become infected, appropriate recognition and management are critical to preserve or restore adequate function and prevent excess morbidity. In this review, we describe the reported risk factors for and clinical manifestations of PJI. We discuss the pathogenesis of PJI and the numerous microorganisms that can cause this devastating infection. The recently proposed consensus definitions of PJI and approaches to accurate diagnosis are reviewed in detail. An overview of the treatment and prevention of this challenging condition is provided.

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Section: Causative Microorganismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prosthetic Joint Infection

2014

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“…dysgalactiae was associated with a prosthetic joint infection after total knee arthroplasty in a case report from South Korea. However, the mode of species identification of this bacterial isolate was not described (18). Furthermore, S. dysgalactiae subsp.…”

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confidence: 99%

New Tricks from an Old Cow: Infective Endocarditis Caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae

et al. 2015

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dWe present a case of infective endocarditis caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae, a major cause of bovine mastitis and previously thought to be an animal-restricted pathogen. The patient reported no direct contact with animals, and the clinical course was severe and complicated. CASE REPORTA 65-year-old male patient was admitted to Haukeland University Hospital in western Norway with radiating pain in his left shoulder, fever, and muscle ache. One month earlier, he had been admitted to a hospital in Spain with similar symptoms but was rapidly discharged with a diagnosis of shoulder tendinitis. He had a family history of sudden cardiac death, and his previous medical history included hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy and a normal coronary angiography 7 years prior to the actual admission.Upon admission, he had a pulse rate of 100/min, a temperature of 39°C, and a respiratory frequency of 24/min, thus fulfilling the criteria of systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). He was pale, with a blood pressure of 118/59 mm Hg, and a holosystolic murmur was heard at the apex. No local signs of infection were observed over his left shoulder.The initial blood chemistry results were as follows, with normal range values in parentheses: hemoglobin, 8.5 g/dl (13.4 to 17.0 g/dl); C-reactive protein, 277 mg/liter (Ͻ5 mg/liter); leukocytes, 20.8 ϫ 10 9 /liter (3.5 ϫ 10 9 to 11.0 ϫ 10 9 /liter); neutrophils, 18.5 ϫ 10 9 /liter (1.7 ϫ 10 9 to 8.2 ϫ 10 9 /liter); sedimentation rate, 102 mm/h (0 to 20 mm/h); procalcitonin, 12.1 g/liter (Ͻ0.10 g/ liter); and troponin T, 896 ng/liter (Ͻ25 ng/liter). Thrombocytes were within the normal range. The electrocardiogram (ECG) demonstrated ST segment elevation in leads V 1 and V 2 and T inversion in leads V 4 to V 6 , indicative of ischemia.Antibiotic therapy was started on day 1 and included meropenem and vancomycin. A broader initial regimen than that recommended in the Norwegian National Antibiotic Guidelines was chosen since the patient had recently been admitted to a hospital in Spain. The following day, all four blood cultures grew nonhemolytic bacteria on blood agar. Species identification was performed using matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and showed that the isolate was Streptococcus dysgalactiae. Subsequently, group C carbohydrate specificity was documented using a slide agglutination test (Oxoid, Cambridge, United Kingdom). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed that the group C streptococcus (GCS) isolate was fully susceptible to all tested antibiotics, with the following MICs: penicillin G, 0.008 mg/liter; ceftriaxone, Ͻ0.016 mg/liter; clindamycin, 0.25 mg/liter; vancomycin, 0.25 mg/liter; teicoplanin, 0.25 mg/liter; and linezolid, 1 mg/liter.A more thorough anamnestic interview revealed a history of weight loss of 6 kg, bloody stools, increasing pain in the left shoulder, and inaccuracy of vision. On examination, he had no peripheral vascular phenomena indicative of septic emboliz...

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“…The identification of the bovine mastitis S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae isolates was confirmed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing as described previously (Park et al., ). Sequence analysis showed between 99.5% and 99.8% nucleotide identity to S. dysgalactiae subsp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…dysgalactiae (SDSD) have been considered exclusively as animal pathogens and are commonly associated with clinical and subclinical bovine mastitis (Abdelsalam, Asheg, & Eissa, ; Cervinkova et al., ; Rato et al., ; Zadoks, Middleton, Mcdougall, Katholm, & Schukken, ). In the last years, the association of SDSD with human infections such as upper limb cellulitis in a woman in contact with raw fish (Koh et al., ), prosthetic joint infection after knee arthroplasty (Park et al., ), and infective endocarditis (Jordal, Glambek, Oppegaard, & Kittang, ) has been reported. However, these cases seem to be rare and the role of this subspecies in human pathogenesis remains unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae isolated from milk of the bovine udder as emerging pathogens: In vitro and in vivo infection of human cells and zebrafish as biological models

et al. 2018

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Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae (SDSD) is a major cause of bovine mastitis and has been regarded as an animal-restricted pathogen, although rare infections have been described in humans. Previous studies revealed the presence of virulence genes encoded by phages of the human pathogen Group A Streptococcus pyogenes (GAS) in SDSD isolated from the milk of bovine udder with mastitis. The isolates SDSD VSD5 and VSD13 could adhere and internalize human primary keratinocyte cells, suggesting a possible human infection potential of bovine isolates. In this work, the in vitro and in vivo potential of SDSD to internalize/adhere human cells of the respiratory track and zebrafish as biological models was evaluated. Our results showed that, in vitro, bovine SDSD strains could interact and internalize human respiratory cell lines and that this internalization was dependent on an active transport mechanism and that, in vivo, SDSD are able to cause invasive infections producing zebrafish morbidity and mortality. The infectious potential of these isolates showed to be isolate-specific and appeared to be independent of the presence or absence of GAS phage-encoded virulence genes. Although the infection ability of the bovine SDSD strains was not as strong as the human pathogenic S. pyogenes in the zebrafish model, results suggested that these SDSD isolates are able to interact with human cells and infect zebrafish, a vertebrate infectious model, emerging as pathogens with zoonotic capability.

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Streptococcus Dysgalactiae Subspecies Dysgalactiae Infection after Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Case Report

Cited by 34 publications

References 11 publications

Prosthetic Joint Infection

Prosthetic Joint Infection

New Tricks from an Old Cow: Infective Endocarditis Caused by Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae

Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae isolated from milk of the bovine udder as emerging pathogens: In vitro and in vivo infection of human cells and zebrafish as biological models

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