Prosthetic Joint Infection

Abstract

SUMMARY Prosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a tremendous burden for individual patients as well as the global health care industry. While a small minority of joint arthroplasties will become infected, appropriate recognition and management are critical to preserve or restore adequate function and prevent excess morbidity. In this review, we describe the reported risk factors for and clinical manifestations of PJI. We discuss the pathogenesis of PJI and the numerous microorganisms that can cause this devastating infection. The recently proposed consensus definitions of PJI and approaches to accurate diagnosis are reviewed in detail. An overview of the treatment and prevention of this challenging condition is provided.

Report of a Moraxella catarrhalis prosthetic joint infection in an immunocompetent woman and review of the literature of haematogenous infection due to throat flora bacteria

“…The natural history and occurrence of prosthesis infection is determined by host factors, the nature of the host tissue in which the micro-organism grows and the virulence of the pathogen. Predisposing circumstances include: male gender, extremely advanced age, smoking, obesity, previous operation on the joint articulation, rheumatoid arthritis, corticosteroid treatment, immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus and a poor nutritional state (Tande & Patel, 2014). However, none of these factors was present in our case.…”

Antibiotic surgical prophylaxis increases nasal carriage of antibiotic-resistant staphylococci

“…Horizontal transfer of meticillin resistance from S. epidermidis to S. aureus in a neonatal patient who received antibiotics has been reported (Wielders et al, 2001;Bloemendaal et al, 2010). CNS, including S. epidermidis, are the most common cause of prosthetic joint infections; as well as the skin, the nose is a potential source of postoperative infection (Tande & Patel, 2014).…”

Topical Negative Pressure Therapy and Interactive Dressings in Prevention of Wound Infections in High-Risk Orthopaedic Patients

“…Kuper M. and Rosenstein A. characterized the costs as "mind-boggling" [3], while Rezapoor M. and Parvizi J. predict that in 2015 the U.S. is going to lose 1 billion US dollars to periprosthetic infections. The authors also note that the lethality associated with periprosthetic infections is higher than that of some cancers [4,5].…”

“…Among the risk factors for periprosthetic infection are immunosuppression, alcohol abuse, systemic use of corticosteroids, inadequate use of antibiotics in disease prevention, obesity, diabetes mellitus, oncological diseases, duration of surgery, intraoperative transfusion of blood components, infectious arthropathies, joint repair and periprosthetic infections in past medical history as well as surface surgical site infections [5,[10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18].…”