Streptococcal Adhesin P (SadP) contributes to Streptococcus suis adhesion to the human intestinal epithelium

Ferrando, Maria Laura; Willemse, Niels; Zaccaria, Edoardo; Pannekoek, Yvonne; Ende, Arie van der; Schultsz, Constance

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0175639

Cited by 23 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The isolates differed by an inserted region, with genes which were likely inserted as a whole, but the origin of this inserted sequence is not well understood. The isolates also had different SadP genes, previously characterized as an adhesin as well as a factor H binding protein which may contribute to zoonotic potential (Ferrando et al, ) and is considered a putative virulence factor of S. suis (Kouki et al, ; Pian et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reinfection with Streptococcus suis analysed by whole genome sequencing

Willemse

Ende

Schultsz

2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

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A butcher with chronic dermatitis presented with a second episode of Streptococcus suis meningitis, 8 years after the first episode. To distinguish between reinfection and persistent carriage, we compared the two S. suis isolates using whole genome sequencing. We investigated whole genome sequences of the S. suis isolates by means of substitution rates and population structure of closely related strains in addition to available clinical information. Genome‐wide analyses revealed an inserted region consisting of 12 genes in the first isolate and the calculated substitution rate between the isolates suggested infections were caused by highly similar, but unrelated strains. Continuous occupational exposure likely resulted in reinfection with S. suis in a butcher.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to zoonotic potential (Ferrando et al, 2017) and is considered a putative virulence factor of S. suis (Kouki et al, 2011;Pian et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reinfection with Streptococcus suis analysed by whole genome sequencing

Willemse

Ende

Schultsz

2018

Zoonoses and Public Health

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“…If S. suis meningitis is suspected, cultures of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are recommended, while at the suspicion of septicaemia -blood cultures [25]. Columbia agar plates supplemented with 5% defibrinated sheep blood and Todd-Hewitt Broth are recommended for the culture of S. suis, both for diagnostic and research purposes [14,26]. Colonies of S. suis grown on blood agar after 24 hrs of incubation at 37 °C are small (0.5-1.0 mm diameter), greyish or transparent, and slightly mucoid.…”

Section: Species Characteristics and Identification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Invasive S. suis strains are limited only to certain STs and CCs. Of which, S. suis serotype 2 (SS2) isolates belonging to MLST clonal complex 1 (SS2/CC1) are considered highly virulent and zoonotic [26].…”

Section: Species Characteristics and Identification Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus suis: a re-emerging pathogen associated with occupational exposure to pigs or pork products. Part I – Epidemiology

Dutkiewicz

Sroka²,

Zając³

et al. 2017

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Streptococcus suis (ex Elliot 1966, Kilpper-Bälz & Schleifer 1987) is a facultatively anaerobic Gram-positive ovoid or coccal bacterium surrounded by a polysaccharide capsule. Based on the antigenic diversity of the capsule, S. suis strains are classified serologically into 35 serotypes. Streptococcus suis is a commensal of pigs, commonly colonizing their tonsils and nasal cavities, mostly in weaning piglets between 4-10 weeks of age. This species occurs also in cattle and other mammals, in birds and in humans. Some strains, mostly those belonging to serotype 2, are also pathogenic for pigs, as well as for other animals and humans. Meningitis is the primary disease syndrome caused by S. suis, both in pigs and in humans. It is estimated that meningitis accounted for 68.0% of all cases of human disease reported until the end of 2012, followed by septicaemia (including life-threatening condition described as 'streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome' - STSLS), arthritis, endocarditis, and endophthalmitis. Hearing loss and/or ves tibular dysfunction are the most common sequelae after recovery from meningitis caused by S. suis, occurring in more than 50% of patients. In the last two decades, the number of reported human cases due to S. suis has dramatically increased, mostly due to epidemics recorded in China in 1998 and 2005, and the fulminant increase in morbidity in the countries of south-eastern Asia, mostly Vietnam and Thailand. Out of 1,642 cases of S. suis infections identified between 2002-2013 worldwide in humans, 90.2% occurred in Asia, 8.5% in Europe and 1.3% in other parts of the globe. The human disease has mostly a zoonotic and occupational origin and occurs in pig breeders, abattoir workers, butchers and workers of meat processing facilities, veterinarians and meat inspectors. Bacteria are transmitted to workers by close contact with pigs or pig products, usually through contamination of minor cuts or abrasions on skin of hands and/or arms, or by pig bite. A different epidemiologic situation occurs in the Southeast Asian countries where most people become infected by habitual consumption of raw or undercooked pork, blood and offal products in the form of traditional dishes. Prevention of S. suis infections in pigs includes vaccination, improvement in pig-raising conditions, disinfection and/or fumigation of animal houses, and isolation of sick animals at the outbreak of disease. Prevention of human infections comprises: protection of skin from pig bite or injury with sharp tools by people occupationally exposed to pigs and pig products, prompt disinfection and dressing of wounds and abrasions at work, protection of the respiratory tract by wearing appropriate masks or repirators, consulting a doctor in the case of febrile illness after exposure to pigs or pork meat, avoidance of occupations associated with exposure to pigs and pork by immunocompomised people, avoidance of consumption of raw pork or pig blood, adequate cooking of pork, and health edu...

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“…4). Ferrando et al [64] showed that Streptococcal Adhesin P (SadP) contributes to Streptococcus suis adhesion to the human and porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and to its translocation across the human IECs. According to authors, SadP is a bifunctional protein with host-cell adhesion and host immune evasion properties.…”

Section: Other Virulence Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Streptococcus suis: a re-emerging pathogen associated with occupational exposure to pigs or pork products. Part II – Pathogenesis

Dutkiewicz

Zając

Sroka

et al. 2018

Ann Agric Environ Med.

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Streptococcus suis is a re-emerging zoonotic pathogen that may cause severe disease, mostly meningitis, in pigs and in humans having occupational contact with pigs and pork, such as farmers, slaughterhose workers and butchers. The first stage of the pathogenic process, similar in pigs and humans, is adherence to and colonisation of mucosal and/or epithelial surface(s) of the host. The second stage is invasion into deeper tissue and extracellular translocation of bacterium in the bloodstream, either free in circulation or attached to the surface of monocytes. If S. suis present in blood fails to cause fatal septicaemia, it is able to progress into the third stage comprising penetration into host's organs, mostly by crossing the blood-brain barrier and/or blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier to gain access to the central nervous system (CNS) and cause meningitis. The fourth stage is inflammation that plays a key role in the pathogen esis of both systemic and CNS infections caused by S. suis. The pathogen may induce the overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines that cause septic shock and/or the recruitment and activation of different leukocyte populations, causing acute inflammation of the CNS. Streptococcus suis can also evoke - through activation of microglial cells, astrocytes and possibly other cell types - a fulminant inflammatory reaction of the brain which leads to intracranial complications, including brain oedema, increased intracranial pressure, cerebrovascular insults, and deafness, as a result of cochlear sepsis. In all stages of the pathogenic process, S. suis interacts with many types of immunocompetent host's cells, such as polymorphonuclear leukocytes, mononuclear macrophages, lymphocytes, dendritic cells and microglia, using a range of versatile virulence factors for evasion of the innate and adaptive immune defence of the host, and for overcoming environmental stress. It is estimated that S. suis produces more than 100 different virulence factors that could be classified into 4 groups: surface components or secreted elements, enzymes, transcription factors or regulatory systems and transporter factors or secretion systems. A major virulence factor is capsular polysaccharide (CPS) that protects bacteria from phagocytosis. However, it hampers adhesion to and invasion of host's cells, release of inflammatory cytokines and formation of the resistant biofilm which, in many cases, is vital for the persistence of bacteria. It has been demonstrated that the arising by mutation unencapsulated S. suis clones, which are more successful in penetration to and propagation within the host's cells, may coexist in the organism of a single host together with those that are encapsulated. Both 'complementary' clones assist each other in the successful colonization of host's tissues and persistence therein. S. suis has an open pan-genome characterized by a frequent gene transfer and a large diversity. Of the genetic determinants of S. suis pathogenicity, t...

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Streptococcal Adhesin P (SadP) contributes to Streptococcus suis adhesion to the human intestinal epithelium

Cited by 23 publications

References 55 publications

Reinfection with Streptococcus suis analysed by whole genome sequencing

Reinfection with Streptococcus suis analysed by whole genome sequencing

Streptococcus suis: a re-emerging pathogen associated with occupational exposure to pigs or pork products. Part I – Epidemiology

Streptococcus suis: a re-emerging pathogen associated with occupational exposure to pigs or pork products. Part II – Pathogenesis

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