Streptobacillus ratti sp. nov., isolated from a black rat (Rattus rattus)

Abstract

Streptobacillus ratti sp. nov., isolated from a black rat (Rattus rattus) Chemotaxonomic and physiological data for strain OGS16 T were congruent with results for other closely related members of the family Leptotrichiaceae, represented by highly similar enzyme profiles and fatty acid patterns. MALDI-TOF MS analysis also proved suitable in discriminating strain OGS16 T unequivocally from all currently described taxa of the genus Streptobacillus. On the basis of these data, we propose the novel species Streptobacillus ratti sp. nov., with the type strain OGS16 T (5JCM 31098 T 5DSM 101843 T ). The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 25.9 mol% and the genome size is 1.50 Mbp.

Approved and novel strategies in diagnostics of rat bite fever and otherStreptobacillusinfections in humans and animals

“…51 Some other isolates formerly assigned to S. moniliformis exist, from which S. notomytis from a spinifex hopping mouse (Notomys alexis) and from black rats (Rattus rattus) and S. ratti from an asymptomatically colonized black rat were recently described. 52,53 Contrarily to Nolan et al, 54 various potentially novel Streptobacillus species and phylotypes consistent with operational taxonomic units have been identified in the last few years from Atlantic salmon 55 and microbiomes of digestive tracts in dolphins and sea lions, [56][57][58] upper respiratory tracts in cotton rats, 37 digestive tracts in dogs, 39,59,60 intestinal tract of a ducks, 61 genital tracts in livestock, 32 and skin and gut microbiomes in humans (Fig. 1).…”

“…Biochemistry is furthermore largely dependent on the test system itself, possible batch-tobatch variation and the person reading the tests and even with commercial test systems it was not unequivocally possible to get identical results for the same species or even the same strains in repeated experiments. 31 Nevertheless, it is possible to use information from biochemistry together with growth characteristics, when working with suspicious isolates, but the characters are generally too weak to 53 Antimicrobial resistance profiles -albeit also not suitable for species or genus discriminationhave revealed that S. moniliformis -since no b-lactamase activity could be demonstrated so far 54 -is susceptible to all b-lactam antibiotics. 31,80 Penicillin G was repeatedly reported being the most efficient antimicrobial substance in vitro and in vivo, which further supports its use as the drug of choice in the treatment of RBF and HF, followed by tetracycline.…”

“…50 A different PCR protocol employing primer pair SbmF/ SbmR (Table 3) yielded a significantly longer amplicon (1,222 bp), 12 thereby further improving specificity. Both PCR protocols were suitable to detect all S. moniliformis strains from humans, rats, mice and turkeys and also S. felis, S. notomytis and S. ratti, but S. hongkongensis was not detected in the PCR by Rohde et al 12,[51][52][53] Summarizing, all the mentioned PCR systems must presently be regarded rather genus than species specific. In an era of easy access to sequencing techniques it is always desirable to sequence amplicons.…”

“…A comprehensive comparison of fatty acid profiles from all Streptobacillus species known to date is presented in Table 2. 53 Polar lipids are poorly understood in Streptobacillus species. A lack of quinones and a specific polyamine pattern different from those of the a-, b-and g-subclasses of the proteobacteria was proposed by Hofmann and Wullenweber et al 70,71 The protein profiling from whole cell preparations displayed a species specific pattern of 40-50 proteins ranging from 18 to 100 kDa.…”

“…50 In the meantime, this technique has proven to contain enough discriminatory information to differentiate all currently known species of Streptobacillus. 31,53 Likewise, commercial databases do not contain spectra of all members, but respective spectra can be obtained via MALDI-UP, a user-to-user dedicated database platform. 90 A representative cluster analysis of MALDI-TOF spectra is depicted in Figure 5.…”