Strengthening Health Systems by Integrating Health Care, Medical Education, and Research

Kiarie, James; Farquhar, Carey; Redfield, Robert; Bosire, Kefa O; Nduati, Ruth; Mwanda, Walter; M’Imunya, James Machoki; Kibwage, IO

doi:10.1097/acm.0000000000000318

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 2 publications

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“…The University of East African Baraton started the first Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BScN) programme in Kenya in 1982 (Rakuom, 2010), which was later expanded to other universities. Furthermore, nursing education expanded to include a Master of Science in Nursing in 2004 and later doctoral‐level nursing and midwifery programmes (East et al., 2014; Kiarie et al., 2014; Naruse et al., 2008).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nursing and midwifery education, regulation and workforce in Kenya: A scoping review

Kimani

Gatimu

2023

International Nursing Review

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AimTo explore contextual literature on nursing and midwifery education, regulation and workforce in Kenya to develop an understanding of the current state and inform opportunities to strengthen the nursing and midwifery professions.IntroductionKenya has yet to achieve the minimum nursing and midwifery workforce threshold, despite the exponential increase in population and epidemiologic disease transitions.BackgroundThere are glaring health gaps and inequities in sub‐Saharan African countries. Health systems are evolving into complex and costly utilities, increasing the demand for nurses and midwives. It is, therefore, necessary to re‐examine systems that educate, deploy and retain the nursing workforce, especially given the ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic and increase in non‐communicable diseases.MethodsThis scoping review was guided and reported following the PRISMA‐ScR guidelines. Four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL and Web of Science) were probed for relevant studies conducted in Kenya between 1963 and 2020. The search was supplemented using Google Scholar. Findings from selected studies were extracted and analysed thematically.ResultsOf the 238 retrieved studies, 37 were included in this review: 10 articles on nursing and midwifery education, 11 on regulation and 16 on the workforce.DiscussionThere have been changes in regulation and an increase in nursing and midwifery enrolment and graduates. However, maldistribution and shortage of nurses and midwives persist.ConclusionsKenya's nursing and midwifery professions have undergone significant changes to meet the demand for a skilled workforce. However, the shortage of qualified and specialised nurses and midwives persists. Moreover, this shortage is exacerbated by underinvestment, outmigration and a need for more reforms to expand the nursing and midwifery workforce.Implication for nursing and midwifery policyInvestment in nurse and midwifery education, mentorship and legislation is needed to build the capacity of the profession to provide quality health services. Several nursing and midwifery policy changes utilising a multipronged approach involving stakeholders’ collaboration are suggested to address the bottlenecks from education to deployment.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nursing and midwifery education, regulation and workforce in Kenya: A scoping review

Kimani

Gatimu

2023

International Nursing Review

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Rural Health Care Access and Policy in Developing Countries

Strasser

Kam

Regalado

2016

Annu. Rev. Public Health

206

141

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Compared to their urban counterparts, rural and remote inhabitants experience lower life expectancy and poorer health status. Nowhere is the worldwide shortage of health professionals more pronounced than in rural areas of developing countries. Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) includes a disproportionately large number of developing countries; therefore, this article explores SSA in depth as an example. Using the conceptual framework of access to primary health care, sustainable rural health service models, rural health workforce supply, and policy implications, this article presents a review of the academic and gray literature as the basis for recommendations designed to achieve greater health equity. An alternative international standard for health professional education is recommended. Decision makers should draw upon the expertise of communities to identify community-specific health priorities and should build capacity to enable the recruitment and training of local students from underserviced areas to deliver quality health care in rural community settings.

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Nursing education challenges and solutions in Sub Saharan Africa: an integrative review

2018

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BackgroundThe Lancet Commission and the Global Health Workforce Alliance reported that professional education has generally not kept up the pace of health care challenges. Sub Saharan Africa needs an effective and efficient nursing education system to build an adequate, competent and relevant nursing workforce necessary for the achievement of Sustainable Development Goals. The Plan of Action for Scaling up Quality Nursing and Midwifery Education and Practice for the African Region 2012 - 2022 provided a framework for scale up of nurses and midwives. This integrative review examined literature on nursing education challenges and solutions in Sub Saharan Africa to inform development of a model for improving the quality, quantity and relevance of nursing education at local level.MethodsA search of PubMed, Medline on EBCSOhost and Google Scholar was conducted using key words: nursing education, challenges, solutions and/ or Africa. Published works from 2012 to 2016 were reviewed to explore reports about challenges and solution in nursing education in Sub Saharan Africa. Full texts of relevant studies were retrieved after reading the tittles and abstracts. Critical appraisal was undertaken and the findings of the relevant studies were analysed using thematic analysis.ResultsTwenty articles and five grey sources were included. Findings of the review generally supports World Health Organisation framework for transformative and scale up of health professions education. Six themes emerged; curriculum reforms, profession regulation, transformative teaching strategies, collaboration and partnership, capacity building and infrastructure and resources. Challenges and solutions in nursing education are common within countries. The review shows that massive investment by development partners is resulting in positive development of nursing education in Sub Saharan Africa. However, strategic leadership, networking and partnership to share expertise and best practices are critical.ConclusionSub Saharan Africa needs more reforms to increase capacity of educators and mentors, responsiveness of curricula, strongly regulatory frameworks, and availability of infrastructure and resources. The review adds to the body of knowledge to enhance efforts of stakeholders in the improvement of the quality, quantity and relevance of nursing education in Sub Saharan Africa.

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Strengthening Health Systems by Integrating Health Care, Medical Education, and Research

Cited by 3 publications

References 2 publications

Nursing and midwifery education, regulation and workforce in Kenya: A scoping review

Nursing and midwifery education, regulation and workforce in Kenya: A scoping review

Rural Health Care Access and Policy in Developing Countries

Nursing education challenges and solutions in Sub Saharan Africa: an integrative review

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