Strength training increases skeletal muscle quality but not muscle mass in old institutionalized adults: a randomized, multi-arm parallel and controlled intervention study

Strasser, Eva-Maria; Hofmann, Marlene; Franzke, Bernhard; Schober-Halper, Barbara; Oesen, Stefan; Jandrasits, Waltraud; Gráf, Alexandra; Praschak, Markus; Horvath-Mechtler, Barbara; Krammer, Christine; Ploder, Martin; Bachl, Norbert; Quittan, Michael; Wagner, Karl‐Heinz; Wessner, Barbara

doi:10.23736/s1973-9087.18.04930-4

Cited by 34 publications

(56 citation statements)

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“…Since data on the status of fat soluble micronutrients are limited, particularly in subjects close to the 9th decade of life and also living in institutions, our aims of this secondary analysis of the ‘Vienna Active Ageing Study’, where we already reported on DNA and chromosomal damage, inflammation, oxidative stress, physical function, muscle quality, and sarcopenia [25,26,27,28,29], but so far not on the micronutrient status were first—to investigate and evaluate the plasma status of carotenoids, retinol, tocopherols, and vitamin D, in a cohort of institutionalized elderly and second—to assess the effects of a six-months lasting strength training with or without supplementing (antioxidant) vitamins and protein on the plasma status of six carotenoids, retinol, alpha(α)- and gamma(γ)-tocopherols and 25(OH)D.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat Soluble Vitamins in Institutionalized Elderly and the Effect of Exercise, Nutrition and Cognitive Training on Their Status—The Vienna Active Aging Study (VAAS): A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2019

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Background: Institutionalized elderly are at higher risk for micronutrient deficiency. In particular, fat soluble micronutrients, which additionally have antioxidative function, are of interest. The purpose of this secondary investigation of the Vienna Active Ageing Study was to assess and evaluate the plasma status of retinol, alpha- and gamma-tocopherol, alpha- and beta-carotene, lutein, zeaxanthin, beta-cryptoxanthin, and lycopene, as well as vitamin D (25(OH)D) in a cohort of institutionalized elderly. We further determined the effect of six months strength training with or without supplementing (antioxidant) vitamins and protein on the plasma status of these ten micronutrients. Methods: Three groups (n = 117, age = 83.1 ± 6.1 years)—resistance training (RT), RT combined with protein and vitamin supplementation (RTS), or cognitive training (CT)—performed two guided training sessions per week for six months. Micronutrients were measured with High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) at baseline and after 6 months of intervention. Physical fitness was assessed by the 6-min-walking, the 30-s chair rise, isokinetic dynamometry, and the handgrip strength tests. Results: At baseline, the plasma status of retinol was satisfactory, for alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and 25(OH)D, the percentage of individuals with an insufficient status was 33%, 73% and 61%/81% (when using 50 nmol/L or 75 nmol/L as threshold levels for 25(OH)D), respectively. Plasma analyses were supported by intake data. Six months of elastic band resistance training with or without protein-vitamin supplementation had no biological impact on the status of fat soluble micronutrients. Even for vitamin D, which was part of the nutritional supplement (additional 20 µg/d), the plasma status did not increase significantly, however it contributed to a lower percentage of elderly below the threshold levels of 50/75 nmol/L (49%/74%). Conclusions: The findings of the study lead to the strong recommendation for regular physical activity and increased consumption of plant-based foods in institutionalized elderly. When supported by blood analysis, supplementing micronutrients in a moderate range should also be considered.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fat Soluble Vitamins in Institutionalized Elderly and the Effect of Exercise, Nutrition and Cognitive Training on Their Status—The Vienna Active Aging Study (VAAS): A Randomized Controlled Trial

et al. 2019

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“…The pooled effect showed no change after RT interventions compared to control groups (MD = 0.01 kg (−0.26–0.28 kg); p = 0.92; I 2 = 8%) ( Figure 4 ). Lower-limb muscle mass was reported in 8 RT studies [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 55 , 56 , 67 , 80 , 82 ], with an overall small and statistically non-significant increase (MD = 0.18 kg (−0.11—0.47 kg); p = 0.22; I 2 = 45%) ( Figure 4 ). No statistically significant differences were shown between interventions performed 3 times per week (MD = 0.55 kg (−0.44–1.55 kg)) compared to interventions performed 2 times per week (MD = 0.10 kg (−0.10–0.31 kg)) ( p = 0.39 for subgroup differences).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…There were no differences between interventions performed 2 times a week (MD = 0.60 kg (−1.01–2.22 kg)) and 3 times a week (MD = 0.68 kg (0.23–1.14 kg)) ( p = 0.93 for subgroup differences). Appendicular muscle mass was reported in 7 RT studies [ 51 , 52 , 53 , 65 , 70 , 80 , 81 , 82 ]. The pooled effect showed no change after RT interventions compared to control groups (MD = 0.01 kg (−0.26–0.28 kg); p = 0.92; I 2 = 8%) ( Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…No statistically significant differences were shown between interventions performed 3 times per week (MD = 0.55 kg (−0.44–1.55 kg)) compared to interventions performed 2 times per week (MD = 0.10 kg (−0.10–0.31 kg)) ( p = 0.39 for subgroup differences). Upper limb muscle mass was reported in 5 RT studies [ 53 , 56 , 67 , 80 , 82 ], and the pooled effect was negligible (MD = 0.01 kg (−0.11–0.13 kg); p = 0.84; I 2 = 0%) ( Figure 4 ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nine RT studies [ 44 , 50 , 67 , 70 , 74 , 77 , 78 , 82 ] and one EMS study [ 86 ] also reported the sarcopenia index (sometimes termed skeletal muscle index) ( Figure 5 ). Mainly (7 studies), the index was computed as the ratio of appendicular skeletal muscle mass and the square body height.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Resistance Exercise, Electrical Muscle Stimulation, and Whole-Body Vibration in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Šarabon

Kozinc

Löefler³

et al. 2020

JCM

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It has been shown that resistance exercise (RT) is one of the most effective approaches to counteract the physical and functional changes associated with aging. This systematic review with meta-analysis compared the effects of RT, whole-body vibration (WBV), and electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) on muscle strength, body composition, and functional performance in older adults. A thorough literature review was conducted, and the analyses were limited to randomized controlled trials. In total, 63 studies were included in the meta-analysis (48 RT, 11 WBV, and 4 EMS). The results showed that RT and WBV are comparably effective for improving muscle strength, while the effects of EMS remains debated. RT interventions also improved some outcome measures related to functional performance, as well as the cross-sectional area of the quadriceps. Muscle mass was not significantly affected by RT. A limitation of the review is the smaller number of WBV and particularly EMS studies. For this reason, the effects of WBV and EMS could not be comprehensively compared to the effect of RT for all outcome measures. For the moment, RT or combinations of RT and WBV or EMS, is probably the most reliable way to improve muscle strength and functional performance, while the best approach to increase muscle mass in older adults remains open to further studies.

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Body composition characteristics and influencing factors of different parts of sarcopenia in elderly people: A community‐based cross‐sectional survey

Dong,

Bi,

et al. 2024

Aging Medicine

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ObjectivesThis study aims to describe the differences in body composition among different body parts of the elderly in the community and its relationship with sarcopenia.MethodsElderly people aged ≥65 underwent bioelectric impedance analysis testing and were categorized into a sarcopenia group, possible sarcopenia group, and control group. The characteristics of body composition indicators in different parts and their relationship with different stages of sarcopenia were analyzed.ResultsThe sarcopenia group illustrated the lowest values of FFM, FFM%, BFM, BFM%, ICW, and limb PhA, along with higher ECW/TBW in the trunk and left leg compared to the control group. The possible sarcopenia group showed lower FFM% in limbs and trunk, and higher BFM% compared to the control group. Gender differences in elderly body composition were observed, with an increase in BFM% in various body parts posing a risk factor for possible sarcopenia in elderly males, whereas an increase in BFM% except in the left arm was a protective factor for sarcopenia in elderly females.ConclusionThe body composition of the elderly in the community varied significantly in different stages of sarcopenia and genders, which correlated with sarcopenia.

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Strength training increases skeletal muscle quality but not muscle mass in old institutionalized adults: a randomized, multi-arm parallel and controlled intervention study

Cited by 34 publications

References 43 publications

Fat Soluble Vitamins in Institutionalized Elderly and the Effect of Exercise, Nutrition and Cognitive Training on Their Status—The Vienna Active Aging Study (VAAS): A Randomized Controlled Trial

Fat Soluble Vitamins in Institutionalized Elderly and the Effect of Exercise, Nutrition and Cognitive Training on Their Status—The Vienna Active Aging Study (VAAS): A Randomized Controlled Trial

Resistance Exercise, Electrical Muscle Stimulation, and Whole-Body Vibration in Older Adults: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

Body composition characteristics and influencing factors of different parts of sarcopenia in elderly people: A community‐based cross‐sectional survey

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