Strength training at high versus low external resistance in older adults: Effects on muscle volume, muscle strength, and force–velocity characteristics

Roie, Evelien Van; Delecluse, Christophe; Coudyzer, Walter; Boonen, Steven; Bautmans, Ivan

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2013.08.010

Cited by 140 publications

(143 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…These results were in agreement with the aforementioned studies of signal pathways, suggesting the importance of total exercise volume and metabolic stress for muscle hypertrophy. However, it should be noted that strength gain (1RM strength) was greater for the higher exercise loads in these studies 2,30) , implying that low-load exercise cannot completely replace high-load exercise. Importantly, these studies were conducted on untrained or recreationally active adults, with the training period being less than 3 months.…”

Section: Exercise Load and Muscle Hypertrophy In Resistance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…As a result, the magnitude of muscle hypertrophy was similar between the 3 sets × 30% 1RM and the 3 sets × 80% 1RM groups, but 1 set × 80% 1RM resulted in the smallest increase in muscle size. Furthermore, a more recent study has shown that a single set of 20% 1RM to failure resulted in comparable muscle hypertrophy to that of 2 sets of 80% 1RM (total work output was greater for 1 set × 20% 1RM) in older adults 30) . These results were in agreement with the aforementioned studies of signal pathways, suggesting the importance of total exercise volume and metabolic stress for muscle hypertrophy.…”

Section: Exercise Load and Muscle Hypertrophy In Resistance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Physiological stimuli necessary for muscle hypertrophy

Ozaki

Abe

Mikesky

et al. 2015

JPFSM

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This paper reviews the existing literature about muscle hypertrophy resulting from various types of training to document the significance of mechanical and metabolic stresses, and to challenge the conventional ideas of achieving hypertrophy that exclusively rely on highload resistance training. Low-load resistance training can induce comparable hypertrophy to that of high-load resistance training when each bout or set is performed until lifting failure. This is attributable to the greater exercise volume and metabolic stress achieved with low-load exercise at lifting failure, which, however, results in a prolonged exercise bout. Endurance exercises (walking and cycling) at moderate intensity are also capable of eliciting muscle hypertrophy, but at much slower rates (months rather than weeks) in limited muscle or age groups. Blood flow restriction (BFR) in working muscles, however, accelerates the development of metabolic fatigue, alleviating the time consuming issue associated with low-load or endurance training. These alternative training methods, however, cannot completely replace conventional high-load resistance training, which provides superior strength gain as well as performance improvement even for trained individuals. The alternative approaches, therefore, may be considered for those who are less enthusiastic or under certain medical conditions, or who have limited or no access to proper equipment. However, people should be aware that low-load resistance training or endurance training entails substantial effort and/or discomfort at lifting failure or with BFR. Understanding the advantages and disadvantages of each method will help in assigning the most suitable training program for each client's goals and needs.

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Section: Exercise Load and Muscle Hypertrophy In Resistance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Exercise Load and Muscle Hypertrophy In Resistance Trainingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Physiological stimuli necessary for muscle hypertrophy

Ozaki

Abe

Mikesky

et al. 2015

JPFSM

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“…However, there is no overwhelming evidence that a change in dose of conventional resistance training would lead to meaningful differences [16], and the cost may be lower adherence and the inability to recover from training [16]. There are, however, some recent experiments with quite different resistance training stimuli, though still consistent with the size principle of motor unit recruitment [18], that may enable nonor low responders to conventional training for glucose metabolism to produce a more positive response [19].…”

Section: Changing the Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While perhaps underappreciated, the alteration of interventions based on individual responsiveness, a critical aspect of these endeavors, is part of our traditions, for example, in behavior therapy and applied behavior analysis [26]. Using this tradition and stepped care [21], the fields of, adaptive interventions [19], and tailoring and personalization [27] can be integrated into personalized behavioral medicine to produce more beneficial clinical phenotypic outcomes. This is especially the case when it is realized that there likely is a similar wide variation in response to behavioral elements of an intervention such as, for example, how feedback is provided.…”

Section: Changing the Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using response variation to develop more effective, personalized behavioral medicine?: evidence from the Resist Diabetes study

Winett

Davy

Savla

et al. 2014

Behav. Med. Pract. Policy Res.

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Health behavior interventions have achieved some notable outcomes through generally higher dose interventions with intensive initial phases and longterm, faded contact maintenance phases with attention to mean changes and adherence rates. Interventions may be improved by shifting attention to the very large response variation that is typical for such protocols as exercise with non-, low, moderate, and high responders and even those who show adverse responses. Data from the Resist Diabetes study, which included adults (N=159, ages 50-69 years) with prediabetes who were overweight or obese (BMI 25-39.9 kg/m 2 ) and previously inactive, are presented. The data show a typical pattern of wide variation for changes on a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), defined by blood glucose concentration measured after 2 h following ingestion of 75 g of glucose, lean body mass, fat mass, strength, and blood pressure to the same resistance training protocol within a highly supervised phase and where adherence was high. A personalized behavioral medicine approach could focus on such individual patterns of response variation to tailor and alter additional intervention components, the staging of maintenance interventions, and then determining how to most effectively, and systematically, translate this adaptive intervention approach into practice to potentially achieve more optimal clinical outcomes. Implications Policy: Health behavior, lifestyle change programs are essential for reducing the costs and burdens of preventable diseases, but more optimal clinical outcomes may be achieved with personalized behavioral medicine programs that are designed for tailoring based on individual response patterns. KeywordsResearch: Research within personalized behavioral medicine can focus on how to design health behavior interventions with tailoring and adaptation based on individual response patterns and then translating this new adaptive intervention approach into practice.Practice: The wide variation in response to most treatment protocols such as exercise with non-, low, moderate, and high responders and even those who experience an adverse response is a key to more personalized behavioral medicine and can be a focus when designing initiation and maintenance phases of interventions requiring alteration and tailoring of adaptive interventions based on individual response to achieve optimal clinical outcomes. TBMpage 333 of 338

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“…Among them are tongue-hold (8,9) , Shaker exercise (10) , counter-resistance exercise with head lowered (11) , tongue exercises (12) , Iowa Oral Performance Instrument -IOPI (13) , etc. Some studies (14)(15)(16) have shown a motor reorganization map as a feedback for therapeutic stimulation. These studies also suggest that a pattern containing training duration and intensity levels is necessary to maximize central and peripheral adaptation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mudança funcional no padrão de deglutição por meio da realização de exercícios orofaciais

Alves

Andrade

2017

CoDAS

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RESUMO Objetivo O objetivo desta pesquisa foi verificar se há melhora funcional do padrão de deglutição em indivíduos identificados com risco para disfagia orofaríngea após quatro semanas da realização de exercícios orofaríngeos específicos com intensidade e duração pré-determinados. Método Esta pesquisa é de caráter longitudinal de efeito funcional, determinado por medidas comparativas inicial e final. A população-alvo foi constituída de indivíduos adultos e idosos selecionados por 24 meses. Foi incluído para esta pesquisa um total de 68 indivíduos. Foi realizada avalição clínica da deglutição e observados sinais clínicos para disfagia. Os indivíduos foram divididos em dois grupos de acordo com o nivelamento inicial na escala ASHA NOMS. No Grupo 1 (G1) – ASHA NOMS, inicial de níveis 1 e 2; Grupo 2 (G2) – ASHA NOMS, inicial de níveis 3, 4 e 5. Todos os indivíduos realizaram um protocolo de exercícios por quatro semanas. O protocolo conta com sessões presenciais e continuidade das atividades em ambiente domiciliar. Ao final, foi realizada nova mensuração do desempenho de deglutição. Resultados Para o grupo G2 houve melhora estatisticamente significante. Para o G1, a relação não foi significante, apesar de mudança intensa na escala ASHA NOMS, porém, neste grupo, temos um número reduzido de indivíduos devido à gravidade do perfil. Conclusão O programa se mostrou efetivo, pois, após as quatro sessões de exercícios, houve melhora importante no padrão de deglutição, demonstrada pela escala funcional.

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Strength training at high versus low external resistance in older adults: Effects on muscle volume, muscle strength, and force–velocity characteristics

Cited by 140 publications

References 47 publications

Physiological stimuli necessary for muscle hypertrophy

Physiological stimuli necessary for muscle hypertrophy

Using response variation to develop more effective, personalized behavioral medicine?: evidence from the Resist Diabetes study

Mudança funcional no padrão de deglutição por meio da realização de exercícios orofaciais

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