Streamline‐based dual‐porosity simulation of reactive transport and flow in fractured reservoirs

Donato, Ginevra Di; Blunt, Martin J.

doi:10.1029/2003wr002772

Cited by 82 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…In these cases, comparisons with conventional grid-based codes were not possible, although the code without dissolution or precipitation has been successfully compared with other numerical models [1,11,13,29]. We first investigated the effects of salt precipitation during dry CO 2 injection into an aquifer using data from the Ketzin project [16].…”

Section: Three-dimensional Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the development of three-dimensional streamline-based simulation [1,5,12], the method has been applied to history matching [9,14,19], dual porosity modeling of fractured reservoirs [13], API tracking [2], and contaminant transport [29]. In addition, several researchers have extended streamline simulation to incorporate compositional effects [2,30,41].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A three-phase four-component streamline-based simulator to study carbon dioxide storage

2009

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We have extended an existing streamline simulator (Batycky et al., SPE Reserv Eng 12(4):246-254, 1997) that considered two phases (aqueous and hydrocarbon) and two components (water and oil) to handle three-phase (aqueous, hydrocarbon, and solid), fourcomponent (water, oil, CO 2 , and salt) transport applied to CO 2 injection. We solved CO 2 transport equations in the hydrocarbon and aqueous phases along streamlines and in the direction of gravity. To capture the physics of CO 2 transport, in the hydrocarbon phase, we used the Todd-Longstaff model (Todd and Longstaff, J Pet Technol 24 (7): [874][875][876][877][878][879][880][881][882] 1972) to represent subgridblock viscous fingering. We implemented a thermodynamic model of mutual dissolution between CO 2 and water with salt precipitation (Spycher et al., Geochim Cosmochim Acta 67 (16): [3015][3016][3017][3018][3019][3020][3021][3022][3023][3024][3025][3026][3027][3028][3029][3030][3031] 2003; Spycher and Pruess, Geochim Cosmochim Acta 69 (13): [3309][3310][3311][3312][3313][3314][3315][3316][3317][3318][3319][3320] 2005). The resultant changes in porosity and permeability due to chemical reaction and salt precipitation were also considered. We accounted for two cycles of relative permeability hysteresis (primary and secondary drainage and imbibition) by applying two different trapping models: Land (SPE J 8:149-156, 1968) and Spiteri et al. (SPE J 13(3):277-288, 2008).Relative permeability changes and variations in the trapped nonwetting phase saturations due to hysteresis were updated on a block-by-block basis. We verified our simulator by comparing one-dimensional simulation results with analytical solutions. We then performed simulations on three-dimensional reservoir models. We first simulated dry CO 2 injection in an aquifer to investigate the effect of salt precipitation. After 2 years of CO 2 injection, the permeability reduced by approximately 20%. We then used the simulator to design CO 2 injection strategies in aquifers to maximize CO 2 storage and in oil reservoirs to optimize both CO 2 storage and oil recovery. Simulations were conducted on a North Sea reservoir description. We propose to inject CO 2 and water simultaneously, followed by chase brine injection, which could render the majority of CO 2 injected immobile while giving a much higher storage efficiency than injecting CO 2 alone.

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Section: Three-dimensional Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A three-phase four-component streamline-based simulator to study carbon dioxide storage

2009

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“…[7] Recently, Di Donato and Blunt [2004] presented a model combining a streamline simulation technique with a dual-porosity model. This approach is appealing as it applies streamline techniques for transport (flow in the fractures) while modeling the exchange of fluid between streamlines and the matrix by a transfer function.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Generation of coarse‐scale continuum flow models from detailed fracture characterizations

Karimi-Fard

Gong

Durlofsky

2006

Water Resources Research

133

101

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[1] A procedure for developing coarse-scale continuum models from detailed fracture descriptions is developed and applied. The coarse models are in the form of a generalized dual-porosity representation, in which matrix rock and fractures exchange fluid locally while large-scale flow occurs through the fracture network. The methodology developed here introduces local subgrids to resolve dynamics within the matrix and provides appropriate coarse-scale parameters describing fracture-fracture, matrix-fracture, and matrix-matrix flow. The geometry of the local subgrids, as well as the required parameters for the coarse-scale model, are determined from local flow solutions using the underlying discrete fracture model. The method is applied to two-and three-dimensional singlephase and two-phase flow problems, and the accuracy of the coarse models is assessed relative to fully resolved discrete fracture simulations. For the cases considered, it is shown that the technique is capable of generating highly accurate coarse models with many fewer unknowns than the detailed characterizations, and speedups of about a factor of 100 are achieved.

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“…The computational efficiency of streamline methods for many-reservoir settings make them especially suitable for history matching and optimization problems, and commercial streamline simulators are applied for such purposes. Streamline simulation has recently been extended to handle (near-) miscible gas injection processes [8,29], as well as flow in fractured reservoirs [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parallel implementations of streamline simulators

2008

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We discuss various strategies for parallelizing streamline simulators and present a single-phase shared memory implementation. The choice of a shared memory programming model is motivated by its suitability for streamline simulation, as well as the rapid advance of multicore processors, which are readily available at low-cost. We show that streamline-based methods are easily parallelizable on shared memory architectures through their decomposition of the multidimensional transport equations into a large set of independent 1D transport solves. We tested both a specialized explicit load balancing algorithm that optimizes the streamline load distribution across threads to minimize the time that any of the threads are idle, and the dynamic load balancing algorithms provided by OpenMP on the shared memory machines. Our results clearly indicate that built-in schedulers are competitive with specialized load balancing strategies as long as the number of streamlines per thread is sufficiently high, which is the case in field applications. The average workload per thread is nominally insensitive to workload variations between individual streamlines, and any load balancing advantage offered by explicit strategies is not sufficient to overcome associated computational and parallel overhead. In terms of the allocation of streamlines or streamline segments to threads, we investigated both the distributed approach, in which threads are assigned streamline segments, and the owner approach, in which threads own complete streamlines. We found that the owner approach is most suitable. The slight advantage that the distributed approach has in terms of load balancing is not enough to compensate for the additional overheads. Moreover, the owner approach allows straightforward re-use of existing sequential codes, which is not the case for the distributed approach in case of implicit or adaptive implicit solution strategies. The tracing and mapping stages in streamline simulation have low parallel efficiency. However, in real-field models, the computational burden of the streamline solves is significantly heavier than that of the tracing and mapping stages, and therefore, the impact of these stages is limited. We tested the parallelization on three shared memory systems: a 24 dualcore processor Sun SPARC server; an eight-way Sun Opteron server, representative of the state-of-the-art shared memory systems in use in the industry; and the very recently released Sun Niagara II multicore machine that has eight floating point compute units on the chip. We test a single-phase flow problem on three heterogeneous reservoirs with varying well placements (this system gives the worst case scenario as the tracing and mapping costs are not negligible compared to the transport costs). For the SPARC and Opteron system, we find parallel efficiencies ranging between 60 and 75 for the tracer flow problems. The sublinear speedup is mostly due to communication overheads in the tracing and mapping stages. In applications with more complex physics, the relati...

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Streamline‐based dual‐porosity simulation of reactive transport and flow in fractured reservoirs

Cited by 82 publications

References 42 publications

A three-phase four-component streamline-based simulator to study carbon dioxide storage

A three-phase four-component streamline-based simulator to study carbon dioxide storage

Generation of coarse‐scale continuum flow models from detailed fracture characterizations

Parallel implementations of streamline simulators

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