Straw production and agronomic performance of soybean intercropped with forage species in no-tillage system

Abstract

-The objective of this work was to evaluate the straw production and the agronomic performance of soybean intercropped with oversown forage species, in no-tillage system. A randomized complete block design was carried out with four replicates, in a 5×2+2 factorial arrangement, as follows: five forage species -Urochloa brizantha 'Marandu', Urochloa ruziziensis, Panicum maximum 'Mombaça', Panicum maximum 'Massai', and Pennisetum americanum -, intercropped with soybean over two crop years (2013/2014 and 2014/2015), plus two controls, with P. americanum sowed in succession to soybean or with soybean monocropping followed by winter fallow (traditional cultivation). Soybean yield components and forage straw yield were evaluated. None of the intercropping systems reduced soybean grain yield, compared with monocropped soybean. The oversown species can significantly improve soybean productivity, as is the case for soybean intercropped with P. maximum 'Mombaça', compared with soybean monocropping, followed or not by millet. Panicum maximum 'Mombaça' is the most effective forage species for dry matter accumulation in the fall/spring period.Index terms: Glycine max, integrated crop-livestock system, oversowing, plant cover, soil cover crops. Produção de palha e desempenho agronômico de soja consorciada com espécies forrageiras em sistema plantio diretoResumo -O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a produção de palha e o desempenho agronômico de soja consorciada com espécies forrageiras sobressemeadas, em sistema plantio direto. Utilizou-se um delineamento de blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições, em um arranjo fatorial 5x2+2, conforme a seguir: cinco espécies forrageiras -Urochloa brizantha 'Marandu', Urochloa ruziziensis, Panicum maximum 'Mombaça', Panicum maximum 'Massai' e Pennisetum americanum -consorciadas com soja, em duas safras agrícolas (2013/2014 e 2014/2015), além de dois tratamentos-padrão, com P. americanum em sucessão à soja ou com cultivo tradicional de soja e pousio no inverno (soja solteira). Avaliaram-se os componentes de produção da soja e a produtividade de palha das forrageiras. Nenhum dos consórcios diminuiu a produtividade de grãos da soja, em comparação ao cultivo solteiro. As espécies sobressemeadas podem aumentar significativamente a produtividade da soja, como no caso do consórcio da soja com P. maximum 'Mombaça' comparado ao cultivo da soja solteira, com ou sem milheto em sucessão. Panicum maximum 'Mombaça' é a espécie forrageira mais eficiente quanto ao acúmulo de matéria seca, no período outono/primavera.Termos para indexação: Glycine max, integração lavoura-pecuária, sobressemeadura, cobertura vegetal, cultivos de cobertura do solo.

Agronomic Performance of Soybean Intercropped With Cover Crops and the Effects of Lime and Gypsum Application

“…Millet is one of the most cover crop used in the Cerrado region of Brazil. Millet vigorous initial growth can be an important forage to anticipate animal stocking compared to perennial forages, once Millet is prompt to be grazed in 30 days after seeds emergence while the other forages in this study takes at least 45 days after seeds emergence (Machado & Assis, 2010;Andrade et al, 2017). Based on the inherent differences among Millet and perennial forages investigated, lower Millet DM compared to Soybean+P.…”

“…The plots were stablished in 2012 in Oxisol with a medium texture (EMBRAPA, 2014). Detail of the experiment implementation is detailed described in (Andrade et al, 2017). The area was under degraded pasture for 15 years.…”

Agronomic Responses to the Intensification of Grain Production Systems in Dryland Farming of Central Minas Gerais

“…The absence of difference at this initial moment of establishment of the Sm, SMh and SMRh systems was expected, due to procedures of soil tillage and initial conditioning of fertility. Thus, the 'constructed' fertility nullified possible effects of the intensification process, which until then was restricted to the increase in maintenance fertilizer (Figure 2), considering that the ruzigrass oversown in the soybean maturation stage has no interference in the yield of the respective harvest (ANDRADE et al, 2017).…”

“…This intensification involved species diversification and two levels of investment in the maintenance fertilizer (Figure 2). The treatments were formed as follows: System 1 -Soybean monocropping with medium investment in fertilizer (Sm); System 2 -Maize monocropping with medium investment (Mm); System 3 - In the systems with inclusion of ruzigrass, the grass seeds were distributed mixed to the fertilizer in the sowing furrow of maize and broadcast during the reproductive stage of soybean (phenological stage R5.5), according to Andrade et al (2017).…”

Phosphorus Fractions in Soil with Organic and Mineral Fertilization in Integrated Crop-Livestock System

“…Strategies must be created to increase the efficiency of P availability in the soil and reduce strong dependence on imported phosphate fertilizers. One noteworthy alternative is reuse of P from livestock residues associated with conservationist systems, such as the integrated crop-livestock (iCL) system, which can further enhance the efficiency of P availability in the soil (Crusciol et al, 2015;Andrade et al, 2017;Prochnow et al, 2018).…”