Agronomic Performance of Soybean Intercropped With Cover Crops and the Effects of Lime and Gypsum Application

Abstract

Soybean is the major crop in the Brazilian Cerrado region. Tocantins state has been increasing soybean production mostly into degraded pasture. However, cover crops such as forages crops are important to implement in regional soybean agricultural systems to increase systems resilience due to climate variability. There is a lack of information regarding to agronomic performance of soybean intercropped with cover crops under no-tillage. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replications in factorial 7 × 2. Seven soybean cultivation systems were tested: 1) soybean intercropped with Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu; 2) soybean intercropped with Urochloa ruziziensis; 3) soybean intercropped with Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça; 4) soybean intercropped with Panicum infestans cv. Massai; 5) soybean intercropped with Pennisetum americanum; 6) soybean followed by Pennisetum americanum; and 7) soybean and fallow. Two soil acidity and amelioration were tested: 1) with lime and gypsum application; 2) without lime and gypsum application. Soybean grain yield, plant height and number of pods per plant were different. Soybean grain yield were higher with lime ad gypsum application. The highest soybean plants height were observed in the treatments where lime and gypsum were applied, and with soybean intercropped with P. maximun and Millet. Soybean number of pods was positively affected P. infestans intercropped with soybean. There was no significant difference among treatments for mass per 100 seeds. Cover crops showed suitable to increase agronomic performance of soybean.

Do cover crops improve the productivity and industrial quality of upland rice?

“…Most species cultivated as cover crops are either grasses or leguminous plants. Millet ( Pennisetum glaucum ) is one of the most used grasses in the Brazilian Cerrado (Ferreira Junior et al., ) because of its high straw yield (Pacheco et al., , ; Silva Filho, Borin, & Ferreira, ), with an average of 10 t ha −1 (Wutke, Calegari, & Wildner, ), and its high C/N ratio. These attributes promote greater soil protection (Silva Filho et al., ) and increased nutrient cycling (Pacheco et al., , ), even under water deficit conditions (Pacheco et al., ).…”