Stratospheric transport by planetary wave mixing as observed during CRISTA‐2

Riese, Martin; Manney, G. L.; Oberheide, J.; Tie, X.; Spang, Reinhold; Küll, V.

doi:10.1029/2001jd000629

Cited by 40 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…The dense horizontal coverage of the measurement net over 24 h (here presented for 9 to 10 August 1997, noon to noon) allows us to track the horizontal transport patterns of trace gases for example streamers (e.g. Riese et al, 1999aRiese et al, , 2002 in conjunction with meteorological parameters such as the potential vorticity (PV). Figure 1 shows PV contours for the 350 K isentrope.…”

Section: Crista Cloud Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite observations of cirrus clouds in the Northern Hemisphere lowermost stratosphere

Spang¹,

Günther²,

Riese³

et al. 2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract.Here we present observations of the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere (CRISTA) of cirrus cloud and water vapour in August 1997 in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS). The observations indicate a considerable flux of moisture from the upper tropical troposphere into the extratropical lowermost stratosphere (LMS), resulting in the occurrence of highaltitude optically thin cirrus clouds in the LMS.The locations of the LMS cloud events observed by CRISTA are consistent with the tropopause height determined from coinciding radiosonde data. For a hemispheric analysis in tropopause relative coordinates an improved tropopause determination has been applied to the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) temperature profiles. We found that a significant fraction of the cloud occurrences in the tropopause region are located in the LMS, even if a conservative overestimate of the cloud top height (CTH) determination by CRISTA of 500 m is assumed. The results show rather high occurrence frequencies ( ∼ 5 %) up to high northern latitudes (70 • N) and altitudes well above the tropopause (> 500 m at ∼ 350 K and above) in large areas at mid-and high latitudes.Comparisons with model runs of the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS) over the CRISTA period show a reasonable consistency in the retrieved cloud pattern. For this purpose a limb ray tracing approach was applied through the 3-D model fields to obtain integrated measurement information through the atmosphere along the limb path of the instrument. The simplified cirrus scheme implemented in CLaMS seems to cause a systematic underestimation in the CTH occurrence frequencies in the LMS with respect to the observations. The observations together with the model results demonstrate the importance of isentropic, quasi-horizontal transport of water vapour from the subtropics and the potential for the occurrence of cirrus clouds in the lowermost stratosphere and tropopause region.

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Section: Crista Cloud Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite observations of cirrus clouds in the Northern Hemisphere lowermost stratosphere

Spang¹,

Günther²,

Riese³

et al. 2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…During its two Space Shuttle missions, CRISTA detected numerous small and mediumscale transport and mixing structures in stratospheric trace gas distributions associated with the exchange of tropical and extra-tropical air masses (e.g. Riese et al, 1999Riese et al, , 2002. The aircraft version CRISTA-NF was deployed on the high-flying research aircraft M55-Geophysica (Stefanutti et al, 1999) during the SCOUT-O 3 , AMMA-SCOUT-O 3 , and RECON-CILE measurement campaigns (e.g.…”

Section: The Crista-nf Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A stratospheric intrusion at the subtropical jet over the Mediterranean Sea: air-borne remote sensing observations and model results

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Remote sensing measurements from the Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescope for the Atmosphere -New Frontiers (CRISTA-NF) during a flight on 29 July 2006 are presented. This flight is part of the AMMA-SCOUT-O3 measurement campaign, where CRISTA-NF was deployed on the high-flying research aircraft M55-Geophysica. The flight path was located over Italy and the Mediterranean Sea and crossed over the subtropical jet twice. Measurements of temperature, and the volume mixing ratios of water vapor (H 2 O), ozone (O 3 ), nitric acid (HNO 3 ) and peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) are available with a vertical resolution of up to 500 m between about 6 to 21 km altitude. CRISTA-NF observes these trace gases simultaneously and provides a quasi-2-D view of the transition region between the troposphere and the stratosphere. The observation of these different trace gases allows to determine tropospheric and stratospheric air masses. As expected, higher abundances are found where the main source of the trace gases is located: in the stratosphere for O 3 and in the troposphere for H 2 O and PAN. Tracer-tracer correlations between O 3 and PAN are used to identify the mixed tropospheric and lowermost stratospheric air at the subtropical jet and around the thermal tropopause north of the jet. An intrusion of stratospheric air into the troposphere associated with the subtropical jet is found in the CRISTA-NF observations. The observations indicate that the intrusion is connected to a tropopause fold which is not resolved in the ECMWF analysis data. The intrusion was reproduced in a simulation with the Chemical Lagrangian Model of the Stratosphere (CLaMS). The CLaMS simulation shows, that the lowermost stratospheric air masses in the intrusion where transported along the the subtropical jet. The tropospheric air masses around the intrusion originate from the vicinity of the Asian monsoon anticyclone. This work discusses the nature of the observed processes at the subtropical jet based on the CRISTA-NF observations and the CLaMS simulation.

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“…LIMS; Gille and Russel III, 1984;SAMS;Drummond et al, 1980;CRISTA;Riese et al, 1997;Offermann et al, 1999;or MIPAS;Fischer et al, 2007) greatly contributed to our understanding of the 3-D composition, structure and large-scale dynamics of the middle atmosphere (e.g. Riese et al, 2002). However, the spatial resolution obtained even by these sensors is relatively coarse compared to the scales of structures in the tropopause region and must by adequately improved in the future (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards a 3-D tomographic retrieval for the air-borne limb-imager GLORIA

Ungermann

Kaufmann²,

Hoffmann³

et al. 2010

Atmos. Meas. Tech.

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Abstract. GLORIA (Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere) is a new remote sensing instrument essentially combining a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer with a two-dimensional (2-D) detector array in combination with a highly flexible gimbal mount. It will be housed in the belly pod of the German research aircraft HALO (High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft). It is unique in its combination of high spatial and state-ofthe art spectral resolution. Furthermore, the horizontal view angle with respect to the aircraft flight direction can be varied from 45 • to 135 • . This allows for tomographic measurements of mesoscale events for a wide variety of atmospheric constituents.In this paper, a tomographic retrieval scheme is presented, which is able to fully exploit the manifold radiance observations of the GLORIA limb sounder. The algorithm is optimized for massive 3-D retrievals of several hundred thousands of measurements and atmospheric constituents on common hardware. The new scheme is used to explore the capabilities of GLORIA to sound the atmosphere in full 3-D with respect to the choice of the flightpath and to different measurement modes of the instrument using ozone as a test species. It is demonstrated that the achievable resolution should approach 200 m vertically and 20 km-30 km horizontally. Finally, a comparison of the 3-D inversion with conventional 1-D inversions using the assumption of a horizontally homogeneous atmosphere is performed.

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Stratospheric transport by planetary wave mixing as observed during CRISTA‐2

Cited by 40 publications

References 23 publications

Satellite observations of cirrus clouds in the Northern Hemisphere lowermost stratosphere

Satellite observations of cirrus clouds in the Northern Hemisphere lowermost stratosphere

A stratospheric intrusion at the subtropical jet over the Mediterranean Sea: air-borne remote sensing observations and model results

Towards a 3-D tomographic retrieval for the air-borne limb-imager GLORIA

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