Stratospheric Aerosols, Polar Stratospheric Clouds, and Polar Ozone Depletion After the Mount Calbuco Eruption in 2015

Zhu, Yunqian; Toon, B.; Kinnison, Douglas E.; Harvey, V. Lynn; Mills, Michael J.; Bardeen, Charles G.; Pitts, Mıchael; Bègue, Nelson; Renard, Jean‐Baptiste; Berthet, Gwenaël; Jégou, Fabrice

doi:10.1029/2018jd028974

Cited by 44 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…This result is found to be in agreement with previous published results (e.g. Bègue et al, 2017;Shikwambana and Sivakumar, 2018;Zhu et al, 2018). Bègue et al (2017) showed that the latitudinal extent of the Calbuco plume was bounded by the subtropical barrier and the polar vortex.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 93%

“…Zuev et al (2018) concluded that the cause of the abnormal stratospheric ozone depletion above the Antarctic during October and November was the behaviour of the polar vortex in that period. Through the analysis of the zonal average backscattering from CALIOP, Zhu et al (2018) showed that the Calbuco aerosols progressed 16 km toward the South Pole during June. Moreover, Bègue et al (2017) discussed the meridional spread of the Calbuco aerosols toward the South Pole, which was modulated by the Quasi-Biennial Oscillation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statistical analysis of the long-range transport of the 2015 Calbuco volcanic plume from ground-based and space-borne observations

et al. 2020

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Abstract. This study investigates the influence of the 2015 Calbuco eruption (41.2∘ S, 72.4∘ W; Chile) on the total columnar aerosol optical properties over the Southern Hemisphere. The well-known technic of sun photometry was applied for the investigation of the transport and spatio-temporal evolution of the optical properties of the volcanic plume. The CIMEL sun photometer measurements performed at six South American and three African sites were statistically analysed. This study involves the use of the satellite observations and a back-trajectory model. The passage of the Calbuco plume is statistically detectable in the aerosol optical depth (AOD) observations obtained from sun photometer and MODIS observations. This statistical detection confirms that the majority of the plume was transported over the northeastern parts of South America and reached the South African region 1 week after the eruption. The plume impacted the southern parts of South America to a lesser extent. The highest AOD anomalies were observed over the northeastern parts of South America. Over the South African sites, the AOD anomalies induced by the spread of the plume were quite homogeneously distributed between the east and west coasts. The optical characteristics of the plume near the source region were consistent with an ash-bearing plume. Conversely, sites further from the Calbuco volcano were influenced by ash-free plume. The optical properties discussed in this paper will be used as inputs for numerical models for further investigation of the ageing of the Calbuco plume in a forthcoming study.

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Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical analysis of the long-range transport of the 2015 Calbuco volcanic plume from ground-based and space-borne observations

et al. 2020

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“…Kovalev et al [48] provide a method to obtain the layer optical depth τ c in the situation where a layer is present for only part of the observation time, such as for the case of the short-lived lower layers in Figure 6a. Here τ c (z l : z u ) = 0.5 × ln {(P 1 (z l ) ÷ P 2 (z l )) ÷ (P 1 (z u ) ÷ P 2 (z u ))} (13) where P 1 and P 2 are the observed lidar signal at times 1 (without the layer) and 2 (with the layer, respectively. The relationship between the layer optical depth and transmission is τ c (z l : z u ) = −ln T c (z l : z u )…”

Section: Optical Depth and Lidar Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Carn et al [9] estimated the flux of SO 2 into the upper-troposphere lower-stratosphere region from the eruption as 0.2 to 0.5 Tg, which placed the event as one of the largest in the Southern Hemisphere over the previous decade. The effects of the Calbuco aerosol plume were not confined to mid-latitudes and included the enhancement of ozone destruction over Antarctica during the austral spring of 2015 [10][11][12][13]. The characteristics of the Calbuco aerosol plume and its movement to southern high latitudes were described by Stone et al [12] from measurements by the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) lidar on the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared pathfinder Satellite (CALIPSO) satellite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the network of lidar systems capable of measuring into the stratosphere in the Southern Hemisphere is still relatively sparse. As highlighted by Zhu et al [13], gaps remain in details of stratospheric processes involving volcanic aerosols, particularly in regard to their interaction with ozone chemistry, and transport across dynamical barriers such as the tropopause and the Southern Hemisphere stratospheric polar vortex.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Australian Lidar Measurements of Aerosol Layers Associated with the 2015 Calbuco Eruption

et al. 2020

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The Calbuco volcano in southern Chile (41.3° S, 72.6° W) underwent three separate eruptions on 22–23 April 2015. Following the eruptions, distinct layers of enhanced lidar backscatter at 532 nm were observed in the lower stratosphere above Buckland Park, South Australia (34.6° S, 138.5° E), and Kingston, Tasmania (43.0° S, 147.3° E), during a small set of observations in April–May 2015. Using atmospheric trajectory modelling and measurements from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) space-borne lidar and the Ozone Mapping Profiler Suite (OMPS) instrument on the Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite, we show that these layers were associated with the Calbuco eruptions. Buckland Park measurements on 30 April and 3 May detected discrete aerosol layers at and slightly above the tropopause, where the relative humidity was well below saturation. Stratospheric aerosol layers likely associated with the eruptions were observed at Kingston on 17 and 22 May in narrow discrete layers accompanied by weaker and more vertically extended backscatter. The measurements on 22 May provided a mean value of the particle linear depolarisation ratio within the main observed volcanic aerosol layer of 18.0 ± 3.0%, which was consistent with contemporaneous CALIOP measurements. The depolarisation measurements indicated that this layer consisted of a filament dominated by ash backscatter residing above a main region having likely more sulfate backscatter. Layer-average optical depths were estimated from the measurements. The mean lidar ratio for the volcanic aerosols on 22 May of 86 ± 37 sr is consistent with but generally higher than the mean for ground-based measurements for other volcanic events. The inferred optical depth for the main volcanic layer on 17 May was consistent with a value obtained from OMPS measurements, but a large difference on 22 May likely reflected the spatial inhomogeneity of the volcanic plume. Short-lived enhancements of backscatter near the tropopause of 17 May likely represented the formation cirrus that was aided by the presence of associated volcanic aerosols. We also provide evidence that gravity waves potentially influenced the layers, particularly in regard to the vertical motion observed in the strong layer on 22 May. Overall, these observations provide additional information on the dispersal and characteristics of the Calbuco aerosol plumes at higher southern latitudes than previously reported for ground-based lidar measurements.

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The Effect of Super Volcanic Eruptions on Ozone Depletion in a Chemistry-Climate Model

Wei

et al. 2019

Adv. Atmos. Sci.

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Stratospheric Aerosols, Polar Stratospheric Clouds, and Polar Ozone Depletion After the Mount Calbuco Eruption in 2015

Cited by 44 publications

References 70 publications

Statistical analysis of the long-range transport of the 2015 Calbuco volcanic plume from ground-based and space-borne observations

Statistical analysis of the long-range transport of the 2015 Calbuco volcanic plume from ground-based and space-borne observations

Australian Lidar Measurements of Aerosol Layers Associated with the 2015 Calbuco Eruption

The Effect of Super Volcanic Eruptions on Ozone Depletion in a Chemistry-Climate Model

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