Stratospheric aerosol size decrease after volcanic eruptions

Wrana, Felix; Niemeier, Ulrike; Wallis, Sandra; Savigny, Christian von

doi:10.5194/egusphere-egu23-5788

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The homogeneity and the persistence of the properties across the plume and in time are clearly visible. Using the same method, Wrana et al (2023) found σ values for other stratospheric volcanic plumes produced by the eruptions of Ambae in 2018, Raikoke and Ulawun in 2019 and La Soufrière in 2021, which are all larger, approaching respectively 1.5-1.6 and 1.8-2.0 (Wrana et al, 2023), reinforcing the exceptional aspect of the HTHH eruption.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Observation of the aerosol plume from the 2022 Hunga Tonga - Hunga Ha’apai eruption with SAGE III/ISS

Duchamp

Wrana²,

Legras

et al. 2023

Preprint

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The Tonga eruption of 15 January 2022 has released a long-lived stratospheric plume of sulfate aerosols. More than 15 months after, we focus on the high quality data series of SAGE III/ISS to determine the mean radius and size distribution of the aerosols and their total mass. We show that the persisting aerosols – with a mode width of 1.25 and an effective radius of 0.4 µm – differ from the significantly smaller background aerosols and from those measured during other recent stratospheric eruptions. The sulfuric acid mass between 50°S and 30°N is estimated to be very stable in spite of considerable redistribution in latitude at a value of 0.66 Tg ± 0.1 Tg, corresponding to an initial sulfur dioxide emission of 0.44 Tg. Such properties are expected to induce a small negative aerosol radiative forcing, thus facilitating the persistence of a climate warming due to the volcanic water vapour.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Observation of the aerosol plume from the 2022 Hunga Tonga - Hunga Ha’apai eruption with SAGE III/ISS

Duchamp

Wrana²,

Legras

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Using the same method, Wrana et al. (2023) found σ values for other stratospheric volcanic plumes produced by the eruptions of Ambae in 2018, Raikoke and Ulawun in 2019, and La Soufrière in 2021, which are all larger, approaching 1.8–2.0 together with smaller sizes (Wrana et al., 2023), reinforcing the exceptional aspect of the HTHH eruption.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…For comparison, Wrana et al. (2023) found density of 20–30 cm −3 in stratospheric volcanic plumes generated by other recent eruptions with similar sulfur injection but much smaller particles.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Observation of the Aerosol Plume From the 2022 Hunga Tonga—Hunga Ha'apai Eruption With SAGE III/ISS

Duchamp,

Wrana,

Legras

et al. 2023

Geophysical Research Letters

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The Tonga eruption of 15 January 2022 has released a long‐lived stratospheric plume of sulfate aerosols. More than 17 months after, we focus on the high quality data series of SAGE III (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment) on board the International Space Station (ISS) to determine the mean radius and size distribution of the aerosols and their total mass. The persisting volcanic aerosols—with a mode width of 1.25 and an effective radius of 0.4 μm—differ from the significantly smaller background aerosols and from those measured during recent stratospheric eruptions. The sulfuric acid mass between 50°S and 30°N is estimated to be very stable in spite of considerable redistribution in latitude at a value of 0.66 ± 0.1 Tg, corresponding to an initial sulfur dioxide emission of 0.44 Tg. Such properties are expected to facilitate the persistence of a climate warming due to the volcanic water vapor.

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“…This finding is supported by routine balloon-borne measurements conducted over Boulder, Colorado (40° N, 105° W), which show a consistent trend upon comparing data from the summers of 2021 and 2020, as well as the spring of 2019 before the Raikoke eruption (see Figure S8 in the Supplement). The reduction in stratospheric aerosol size following the 2021 La Soufrière eruption is also indicated by SAGE III/ISS satellite retrievals (Wrana et al, 2023).…”

Section: Aerosol Concentration and Size Distribution From Aircraft Me...mentioning

confidence: 73%

In situ measurements of perturbations to stratospheric aerosol and modeled ozone and radiative impacts following the 2021 La Soufrière eruption

Li,

Pedersen,

Dykema

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Abstract. Stratospheric aerosols play important roles in Earth’s radiative budget and in heterogeneous chemistry. Volcanic eruptions modulate the stratospheric aerosol layer by injecting particles and particle precursors like sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the stratosphere. Beginning on April 9th, 2021, La Soufrière erupted injecting SO2 into the tropical upper troposphere and lower stratosphere, yielding a peak SO2 loading of 0.3–0.4 Tg. The resulting volcanic aerosol plumes dispersed predominately over the northern hemisphere (NH), as indicated by the CALIOP/CALIPSO satellite observations and model simulations. From June to August 2021 and May to July 2022, the NASA ER-2 high-altitude aircraft extensively sampled the stratospheric aerosol layer over the continental United States during the Dynamics and Chemistry of the Summer Stratosphere (DCOTSS) mission. These in situ aerosol measurements provide detailed insights into the number concentration, size distribution, and spatiotemporal variations of particles within volcanic plumes. Notably, aerosol surface area density and number density in 2021 were enhanced by a factor of 2–4 between 380–500 K potential temperature compared to the 2022 DCOTSS observations, which were minimally influenced by volcanic activity. Within the volcanic plume, the observed aerosol number density exhibited significant meridional and zonal variations while the mode and shape of aerosol size distributions did not vary. The La Soufrière eruption led to an increase in the number concentration of small particles (<400 nm), resulting in a smaller aerosol effective diameter during the summer of 2021 compared to the baseline conditions in the summer of 2022, as observed in regular ER-2 profiles over Salina, Kansas. A similar reduction in aerosol effective diameter was not observed in ER-2 profiles over Palmdale, California, possibly due to the already smaller values in that region during the limited sampling period in 2022. The La Soufrière eruption was modeled with the SOCOL-AERv2 aerosol-chemistry-climate model. The modeled aerosol enhancement aligned well with DCOTSS observations, although the direct comparison was complicated by issues related to the model’s background aerosol burden. This study indicates that the La Soufrière eruption contributed at most 0.6 % to Arctic and Antarctic ozone column depletion in both 2021 and 2022, which is well within the range of natural variability. The modeled top-of-atmosphere one-year global average radiative forcing was -0.08 W/m2 clear-sky and -0.04 W/m2 all-sky. The radiative effects were concentrated in the tropics and NH midlatitudes and diminished to near-baseline levels after one year.

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Stratospheric aerosol size decrease after volcanic eruptions

Cited by 4 publications

References 0 publications

Observation of the aerosol plume from the 2022 Hunga Tonga - Hunga Ha’apai eruption with SAGE III/ISS

Observation of the aerosol plume from the 2022 Hunga Tonga - Hunga Ha’apai eruption with SAGE III/ISS

Observation of the Aerosol Plume From the 2022 Hunga Tonga—Hunga Ha'apai Eruption With SAGE III/ISS

In situ measurements of perturbations to stratospheric aerosol and modeled ozone and radiative impacts following the 2021 La Soufrière eruption

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