Strategy, Ideology, and Structure: The Political Processes of Introducing the M-form in two Dutch Banks

Kipping, Matthias; Westerhuis, Gerarda

doi:10.1108/s0742-3322(2012)0000029011

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For the fitting, we use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm which employs the geometric model of Kipping (2008), the limb‐darkening model of Mandel & Agol (2002) and utilizes the light‐curve fitting parameter set described in Kipping (2010): t C , b 2 , ϒ/ R * , p 2 and OOT . We use 125 000 trials with the first 25 000 discarded for burn‐in.…”

Section: Applied Example – Hd 189733bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nightside pollution of exoplanet transit depths

Kipping

Tinetti

2010

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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Out of the known transiting extrasolar planets, the majority are gas giants orbiting their host star at close proximity. Both theoretical and observational studies support the hypothesis that such bodies emit significant amounts of flux relative to the host star, increasing towards infrared wavelengths. For the dayside of the exoplanet, this phenomenon typically permits detectable secondary eclipses at such wavelengths, which may be used to infer atmospheric composition. In this paper, we explore the effects of emission from the nightside of the exoplanet on the primary transit light curve, which is essentially a self-blend. Allowing for nightside emission, an exoplanet's transit depth is no longer exclusively a function of the ratio-of-radii. The nightside of an exoplanet is emitting flux, and the contrast to the star's emission is of the order of ∼10 −3 for hot Jupiters. Consequently, we show that the transit depth in the mid-infrared will be attenuated due to flux contribution from the nightside emission by ∼10 −4 . We show how this effect can be compensated for in the case where exoplanet phase curves have been measured, in particular for HD 189733b. For other systems, it may be possible to make a firstorder correction by using temperature estimates of the planet. Unless the effect is accounted for, transmission spectra will also be polluted by nightside emission, and we estimate that a Spitzer broad-band spectrum on a bright target is altered at the 1σ level. Using archived Spitzer measurements, we show that the effect respectively increases the 8.0-μm and 24.0-μm transit depths by 1σ and 0.5σ per transit for HD 189733b. Consequently, we estimate that this would be ∼5-10σ effect for near future James Webb Space Telescope observations.

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Section: Applied Example – Hd 189733bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nightside pollution of exoplanet transit depths

Kipping

Tinetti

2010

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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“…Our study of Huawei is special at least in two other ways. While more recent research has reported that US accounting and IT consulting firms have in recent decades sold their knowledge all over the world (Kipping & Wright, 2012), we are not aware that anyone has documented for a single company the breadth of the different kinds of knowledge Huawei acquired via a series of consulting firms, going far beyond that transfer the routines related on the M-form described in earlier research (Kipping & Westerhuis, 2012). Second, the template of the M-Form was transferred to Europe in the 1960s and 1970s decades after it was created in the US (McKenna, 2012).…”

Section: Discussion and Opportunities For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…There have been also been case studies of how individual firms hired consultants to help them adopt the M-form, for example the Kipping and Westerhuis (2012) comparative research on two Dutch banks ABN and AMRO in the late 1960s and early 1970s. Kipping and Westerhuis (2012) reported that while ABN only engaged Arthur Little for a short period from 1972 to Jan 1974, AMRO engaged McKinsey for the next two decades. This means that Huawei's long-term engagement of consultants is not unique.…”

Section: Discussion and Opportunities For Future Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On an annual basis, this means that Huawei spent roughly 1% of its sales on these initiatives. 1 Scholars have previously documented the role US consulting firms played in transferring the multi-divisional corporate form (the M-form) in the 1960s and 1970s from the USA-where it was invented-to Europe (Kipping & Westerhuis, 2012;McKenna, 2012;McKenna, 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Constructing large multinational corporations from China: East meets West at Huawei, 1987-2017

Murmann

Huang

2018

Proceedings

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The telecommunication enterprise Huawei, founded in 1987, is one of few multinational companies emerging from China to date. The development of the capabilities that allowed Huawei to become a formidable competitor on the global stage undoubtedly owes a great deal to importation of best practice routines from the West with the help of western consulting firms. But Huawei is also distinctly Chinese. In the West, a founder who relinquished all but a 1.4 percent of equity in the firm to give the remaining shares to employees would be an abnormality. Huawei's collective ownership arrangement (88,000 people own the other 98.6 percent of the shares) enabled management actions that are unthinkable in the West. The top 6,687 managers in 2007, for example, agreed to collectively resign from the company and to be selectively rehired to avoid falling under new labor law restrictions. We develop an account of how Western and Eastern history has shaped the leadership's decision making through multiple transmission mechanisms. Because the founder is an avid reader and student of history, major strategic decisions of Huawei have been deeply influenced by historical precedent. We argue that Huawei cannot be understood without coming to terms with the imprinting the firm has received both by the Chinese context and the founder's conviction that the firm needed to learn from historically accumulated Western knowledge.

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“…The multi-unit corporation, comprising separate headquarters and relatively autonomous and discrete operating units, also called the M-Form (Chandler, 1962(Chandler, , 1991Kipping & Westerhuis, 2012;Williamson, 1975Williamson, , 1981Williamson, , 1985Yamin & Forsgren 2006), has grown into one of the dominant organizational forms in industrial settings (Fligstein, 2001;Strikwerda & Stoelhorst, 2009), in both Western nations and emerging economies (Aulakh & Kotabe, 2008;Seo, Lee, & Wang, 2010). In a multi-brand organization, the sub-units are differentiated by brand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%