Strategy for achieving standardized bone models

Abstract

Reliably producing functional in vitro organ models, such as organ‐on‐chip systems, has the potential to considerably advance biology research, drug development time, and resource efficiency. However, despite the ongoing major progress in the field, three‐dimensional bone tissue models remain elusive. In this review, we specifically investigate the control of perfusion flow effects as the missing link between isolated culture systems and scientifically exploitable bone models and propose a roadmap toward this goal.

3D-microtissue derived secretome as a cell-free approach for enhanced mineralization of scaffolds in the chorioallantoic membrane model

“…The next step is the implementation into a rodent in vivo model to perform a long-term study of the tested biomaterial combined with 3D-MT secretome in a bone defect. Here, the regeneration and remodeling processes are expected to be more pronounced due to additional mechanical and biochemical stimulus [85][86][87] . In addition, it will allow to further investigate the paracrine effects of the 3D-MT secretome in relation to the bone healing process.…”

Use of in vitro bone models to screen for altered bone metabolism, osteopathies, and fracture healing: challenges of complex models

“…In this case, the increase in medium volume may be at least partly be compensated by the increase in surface area available for the cells to attach and grow (Hadida and Marchat 2020 ; Zhang et al 2018 ). However, applying mechanical forces or perfusion to a model system would increase the required culture/reaction volume even more without any compensation in cell numbers and may increase the risk for contaminations due to the increased number of structural junctions (Hadida and Marchat 2020 ). An increase in culture/reaction volume would dilute factors secreted by cells in the culture medium and thus effectively lowers the sensitivity of established analytical methods.…”

Design and Evaluation of an Osteogenesis-on-a-Chip Microfluidic Device Incorporating 3D Cell Culture

“…Microfluidic cell culture platforms and “organ-on-a-chip” devices have the potential to considerably advance biological research, drug development, and resource efficiency by combining both structural and dynamic cues within in vitro models ( Hadida and Marchat, 2019 ). The combination of recent advances in additive manufacturing, bioprinting and microfluidics has resulted in a surge in their development and production ( Huh et al, 2011 ; Neuži et al, 2012 ).…”